What is Direct Reduced Iron (H₂-DRI)?

Green Hydrogen-Based Direct Reduced Iron (H₂-DRI)

In traditional steelmaking, we use Coke (derived from coal) to remove oxygen from iron ore. This process releases massive amounts of CO2. H₂-DRI changes the chemistry of this process.

• The Process: Instead of coal, Green Hydrogen (H2o) is pumped into a furnace with the iron ore.

• The Chemical Shift: In a traditional furnace, the byproduct is CO2. In an H₂-DRI furnace, the hydrogen reacts with the oxygen in the ore to produce pure water vapor (H2O).

• “Green” Requirement: For this to be truly carbon-free, the hydrogen must be produced via electrolysis powered by renewable energy (wind or solar), rather than natural gas.

Why it matters: It addresses the “Primary” steel production phase—the most difficult part of the industry to decarbonize because it replaces the actual chemical reducing agent (coal).

 Renewable Electric Arc Furnaces (EAFs):

Traditional steel uses a Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF), which requires molten iron from a coal-fired blast furnace. An Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) is a more flexible, modern alternative.

• The Process: An EAF uses high-power electric arcs to melt raw materials (like scrap metal or the DRI mentioned above). Imagine a giant pot where electricity creates a “lightning bolt” to melt the metal.

• The “Renewable” Factor: An EAF is only as green as the grid it sits on. If it runs on coal-powered electricity, it still has a footprint. Renewable EAFs are specifically synced with dedicated solar, wind, or hydro power plants.

• The Circular Economy: EAFs are excellent at recycling. They can take 100% steel scrap and turn it into high-quality new steel, using significantly less energy than making steel from scratch.

Comparison at a Glance: