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With reference to Flex-Fuel Vehicles (FFVs) in India, consider the following statements:

1. Unlike conventional petrol engines, FFVs utilize an Engine Control Unit (ECU) that uses a fuel composition sensor to adjust combustion parameters in real-time.

2. The introduction of FFVs in India is exclusively intended to reach 100% ethanol blending (E100) across all vehicle segments by 2030.

3. Because ethanol has a higher oxygen content than petrol, FFVs generally achieve a higher fuel efficiency (kilometers per liter) compared to pure petrol vehicles.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the ‘Hybrid Annuity Model’ (HAM) in infrastructure projects, consider the following statements:

1. Under HAM, the government bears the entire financial risk during the construction phase, while the private developer is only responsible for maintenance.

2. It is a mix of the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) model and the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model.

3. The private developer is responsible for the collection of toll revenue from the road users throughout the concession period.

Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?

With reference to the ‘Price Stabilization Fund’ (PSF) scheme in India, consider the following statements:

1. The fund is used to provide direct income support to farmers to compensate for the volatility in market prices of their produce.

2. Under the scheme, the government procures commodities directly from farmers at the Minimum Support Price (MSP) and maintains them as buffer stocks.

3. The PSF is managed and operated by the Department of Consumer Affairs, under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF):

1. ATF is a specialized form of kerosene-based fuel that requires a lower freezing point than automotive diesel to prevent fuel line blockage at high altitudes.

2. In India, the pricing of ATF is completely deregulated, and it does not fall under the purview of the Goods and Services Tax (GST).

3. The combustion of ATF results in higher carbon emissions per unit of energy compared to hydrogen-based aviation fuels, but it remains the only viable fuel for long-haul flights due to its superior energy density.

Which of the statements given above are correct?