What is Bacillus subtilis?

Why in news ? the Kerala government to officially declare Bacillus subtilis as the “State Microbe.”

Kerala has become the first state in the country to grant a microorganism the status of a state symbol. This move moves away from the traditional definition of development (roads, bridges, investments) and emphasizes ecology and microbiology.

The declaration aims to eliminate this fear and aversion towards microorganisms and raise awareness of their positive contributions (such as soil fertility, the digestive system, and the immune system).

What is Bacillus subtilis?

Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium found primarily in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of humans and ruminants.

Key Characteristics:

• Endospore Formation: It can form a tough, protective endospore, allowing it to tolerate extreme environmental conditions (heat, drought, radiation).
• Growth: It is an aerobe (requires oxygen) and is widely used in biotechnology for enzyme production and as a probiotic.
• Symbiosis: It lives in the rhizosphere (the area of soil around plant roots), forming a beneficial relationship with plants.