Understanding Sea Buckthorn: A Unique Geographical Indication from Ladakh

Introduction:

• Sea buckthorn, scientifically termed as Hippophae rhamnoides, stands as a notable plant found across Europe and Asia. Its recent recognition with a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in Ladakh accentuates its significance.

Sea Buckthorn’s Habitat and Characteristics:

• In the Himalayan region of India, specifically in the arid landscapes of Ladakh and Spiti, Sea buckthorn thrives above the tree line. Covering approximately 11,500 hectares in Ladakh, this resilient plant produces small, tangy orange or yellow berries known for their high vitamin C content. Its remarkable ability to endure extreme temperatures, ranging from -43°C to 40°C, alongside its drought-resistant nature, makes it a valuable asset in cold desert environments. Interestingly, Sea Buckthorn berries remain intact on the shrub even during the harsh winter months when temperatures plummet below zero.

Versatile Uses and Significance:

• Traditionally, every part of the Sea buckthorn plant has found utility. The fruit, leaf, twig, root, and thorns have been utilized for medicinal purposes, as nutritional supplements, fuel, and even as a fencing material. Additionally, the berries serve as a crucial food source for various bird species in the region, especially during periods of limited food availability. Notably, the leaves act as a protein-rich fodder for animals like sheep, goats, donkeys, cattle, and camels, supporting their sustenance in the cold desert landscapes.

The ‘Wonder Plant’ and Its Recognition:

• Referred to as the ‘Wonder Plant’, ‘Ladakh Gold’, ‘Golden Bush’, or ‘Gold Mine’ of cold deserts, Sea buckthorn’s recent accolade with a GI tag acknowledges its unique qualities and geographical origin.

Geographical Indication (GI) Tag Explained:

• The GI tag signifies the specific geographical origin of a product and its associated qualities or reputation. Under intellectual property rights, this designation allows authorized entities to prevent unauthorized use of the indication for products that do not meet the established standards. Administered in India through the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999, a GI tag is initially valid for 10 years, with the possibility of renewal thereafter.

Conclusion:

• The recent acknowledgment of Sea buckthorn with a GI tag emphasizes its unique attributes, resilience in harsh climates, and its vital role in sustaining life in the cold deserts of Ladakh.