India’s path to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070

India’s path to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070 has been highlighted as a challenging yet critical goal due to the increasing urgency of climate action. With COP-29 and global discussions on climate finance and equity, India’s strategies, policies, and challenges in balancing development and sustainability have garnered attention. Additionally, the intersection of India’s development goals with its renewable energy targets and resource limitations has been a focal point.

Key Facts

1. Net-Zero Commitment:

   • India pledged to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2070 during COP-26.

   • This aligns with the global goal of limiting temperature rise to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels.

2. Power Demand Projections:

   • India’s power demand could increase 9-10 times by 2070.

   • Renewable energy targets for 2070:

     • Solar: Over 5,500 GW (current: 70 GW).

     • Wind: Over 1,500 GW (current: 47 GW).

3. Current Challenges:

   • Land and Resource Scarcity: Balancing energy targets with food security, forest cover, and biodiversity preservation.

   • Social Inequality:

     • Per-capita emissions of the richest 10% are 20 times greater than the poorest 10%.

     • Climate change disproportionately affects the economically weaker sections.

4. Demand-Side Measures:

   • Adoption of energy-efficient appliances and passive design in construction.

   • Promotion of public and non-motorized transport.

   • Localized production to reduce freight emissions.

5. Supply-Side Measures:

   • Decentralization of energy production (e.g., rooftop solar, solar pumps for agriculture).

   • Expansion of nuclear energy for low-carbon baseload power.

6. Financial and Global Cooperation Needs:

   • Climate finance commitments from developed countries are inadequate.

   • India advocates for equitable climate action and financing at global forums like COP.

7. Sustainability Strategies:

   • “Sufficiency consumption corridors” to balance growth with sustainability.

   • Avoidance of replicating unsustainable Western lifestyle standards.

By addressing these key challenges and leveraging innovative solutions, India aims to ensure a sustainable and equitable pathway toward its net-zero goals.