Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs):

On November 10, 2025, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) Police, in coordination with Haryana and Uttar Pradesh authorities, busted an inter-state terror module linked to Pakistan-based Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) and the ISIS-affiliated Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind (AGuH).

The operation, spanning J&K, Haryana (Faridabad), and Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow and Saharanpur), led to the arrest of 7–8 individuals, including three doctors, and the seizure of approximately 2,900 kg of materials used to manufacture improvised explosive devices (IEDs).

About Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs):

IEDs are homemade bombs designed for maximum damage with minimal resources, often used by non-state actors like terrorists. Unlike conventional munitions, they’re adaptable and hard to detect.

Basic Components:

Explosive Charge: Main filler (e.g., ammonium nitrate mixed with fuel oil—ANFO—for high blasts; ~2,300 kg could match the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing’s yield, killing 168).

Initiator/Detonator: Timers, remotes, or wires to trigger (recovered here: 20+ timers/remotes).

Power Source: Batteries for circuits.

Container: Metal sheets or vehicles for shrapnel.

• How They Work: Assembled on-site; detonated remotely (e.g., via mobile) or timed. ANFO-based IEDs create a shockwave, fire, and fragmentation—devastating in crowds.
• Why Dangerous in India: Urban density amplifies impact; this haul could have caused “mass casualties” in Delhi-NCR, overwhelming response systems.
• Countermeasures: Intelligence (as here), canine units, jammers, and public vigilance. India’s agencies (IB, RAW, state police) foiled this via surveillance and infiltration probes.

Other Explosives :

TNT (Trinitrotoluene):

• Military-grade explosive.
• Stable under normal conditions; detonates with a blasting cap.
• Used in conventional bombs, demolition, and improvised devices.

 RDX (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine):

• Powerful high explosive.
• Often used in military-grade IEDs.
• Can be combined with plasticizers to form C-4.

PETN (Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate):

• Very sensitive explosive.
• Used in detonating cords or in plastic explosives.
• Often combined with RDX or TNT for higher yields.

Dynamite:

• Contains nitroglycerin absorbed in inert material.
• Explosive and shock-sensitive.
• Historically used in mining, sometimes misused in IEDs.

Chlorate and Peroxide-based Explosives:

• Includes TATP (triacetone triperoxide), HMTD (hexamethylene triperoxide diamine).
• Highly sensitive, homemade, and volatile.
• Popular among non-state actors for ease of production, despite instability.

Ammonium Nitrate (AN):

• Primary ingredient in ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate + Fuel Oil).
• Can be combined with other fuels for enhanced blast.
• Large quantities can create destructive explosions, as in Oklahoma City