High Seas Treaty

Why in News ? India is unlikely to ratify the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) agreement, also known as the High Seas Treaty, at the ongoing United Nations Ocean Conference in Nice, France.

Relevance : Pre & Mains

Prelims: High Seas Treaty/BBNJ

Mains :  GS 2

Key Points:

Pending Ratification:

1. • India signed the treaty in September 2024.
   • Ratification requires amendments to the Biological Diversity Act, expected to be addressed after the Monsoon Session of Parliament.
   • 49 countries have ratified the treaty as of June 10, 2025; the treaty will enter into force once 60 countries complete the process.

Contentious Issues:

1. • Equitable sharing of economic benefits from marine resources on the high seas remains unresolved.
   • The high seas, beyond national jurisdiction, are home to unique marine life with potential economic value.

India’s Marine Initiatives:

1. • Progress on Samudrayaan Mission, aiming for a trial dive to depths of 6,000 meters by 2026.
   • Nationwide ban on single-use plastics.
   • More than $80 billion invested in the Blue Economy.
   • Launch of the SAHAV Digital Ocean Data Portal to enhance marine conservation efforts.
   • Call for a legally binding Global Plastics Treaty.

Significance:

1. • Covers nearly 50% of the Earth’s surface – areas beyond national jurisdiction (the high seas).
   • Ensures sustainable use of marine biodiversity.
   • Promotes global cooperation in marine conservation and equitable sharing of resources.

Challenges:

1. • Lack of consensus on benefit-sharing mechanisms.
   • Technical difficulties in accessing deep-sea resources.
   • Political and economic concerns over equitable participation