Daily UPSC Current : 3 April 2026 / What is Functional Literacy?

New India Literacy Programme: ULLAS (2022–2027):

The ULLAS (Understanding of Lifelong Learning for All in Society) initiative, also known as the Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram, is a centrally sponsored scheme aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It marks a strategic shift from basic literacy to lifelong learning for all citizens aged 15 and above.

Functional Literacy: Definition & Status:

Functional literacy is the ability of an individual to use reading, writing, and numerical skills to manage daily life tasks effectively (e.g., banking, understanding government policies, or managing farm finances).

• The 95% Benchmark: A state/UT is typically considered “fully functionally literate” when it achieves over 95% proficiency, verified through the Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Assessment Test (FLNAT).
• Leading Regions: As of September 2025, five regions have achieved this milestone:
  1. Mizoram (First state to achieve status)
  2. Goa
  3. Tripura
  4. Ladakh (UT)
  5. Himachal Pradesh (Joined in Sept 2025)

Core Components of ULLAS:

The program goes beyond simple alphabets, focusing on five pillars essential for modern survival and growth:

• Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN): Basic reading, writing, and math.
• Critical Life Skills: Financial literacy (banking/savings), digital literacy (using smartphones/apps), healthcare, and family welfare.
• Vocational Skills: Training to improve employability in local sectors like agriculture and manufacturing.
• Basic Education: Equivalency for those who missed formal schooling.
• Continuing Education: Holistic options like arts, sciences, and culture to foster a learning society.

Implementation & Strategy:

The scheme adopts a unique hybrid, volunteer-driven model to reach its target of 25.76 crore non-literates:

• Volunteerism (Kartavya Bodh): Relies on student volunteers and community members rather than a paid workforce.
• Technology-Driven: Learning is facilitated through the ULLAS Mobile App and the DIKSHA Portal.
• Focus Areas: Prioritizes women, rural communities, and marginalized groups who missed formal education.

Strategic Significance:

• Economic Driver: Increases workforce productivity in agriculture, services, and manufacturing by ensuring workers can interpret instructions and manage finances.
• SDG Alignment: Directly contributes to Sustainable Development Goal 4.6, which aims to ensure all youth and a substantial proportion of adults achieve literacy and numeracy by 2030.
• Social Empowerment: Promotes “Social Saaksharta” (Social Literacy) by making citizens aware of their rights and digital opportunities.