Borno State

Why in News ?  The recent surge in violence in Borno State, Nigeria, underlines a worsening security and humanitarian crisis fueled by the escalating insurgency of Boko Haram and ISWAP.

1. Escalation of Insurgent Attacks

• Increased Casualties:

• • On May 12, 2025, ISWAP was suspected of planting an IED along the Damboa-Maiduguri highway, killing two Christian education officials.
  • On May 15, 2025, Boko Haram attacked Mallam Karamti and Kwatandashi, killing at least 57 people and abducting 70. Victims were brutally executed.
  • On May 17, 2025, Islamist militants killed 23 farmers and fishermen in rural attacks, with additional abductions.

Governance Challenges and Response:

• Governor Zulum’s Warnings:

• • He warned that Boko Haram is regaining strength and highlighted vulnerabilities in Marte Local Government Area.
  • Declared a day of fasting and prayer on May 18, 2025, urging collective spiritual intervention.

• Internal Threats: Allegations of collusion with Boko Haram among politicians and military personnel complicate counter-insurgency efforts.

Military and Security Developments:

• Leadership Changes: On April 30, 2025, Major General Abdulsalam Abubakar was appointed to lead the military operations against insurgents.
• Evolving Tactics by Insurgents: The use of armed drones and roadside explosives signifies an advanced insurgent strategy, despite reports of military successes, such as killing 76 militants in January 2025.