Daily Current Affairs for UPSC : 7 Oct 2025/Clarke, Devoret and Martinis win 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics:

Clarke, Devoret and Martinis win 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics:

Scientists John Clarke, Michel Devoret and John Martinis won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics for “the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit“.

“This year’s Nobel Prize in Physics has provided opportunities for developing the next generation of quantum technology, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors.

All three winners are based in the United States.

• The Nobel physics prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and includes a prize sum totalling 11 million Swedish crowns ($1.2 million) that is shared among the winners if there are several, as is often the case.
• The Nobel Prizes were established through the will of Alfred Nobel, who amassed a fortune from his invention of dynamite. Since 1901, with occasional interruptions, the prizes have annually recognized achievements in science, literature, and peace. Economics was a later addition.
• Physics was the first category mentioned in Nobel’s will, likely reflecting the prominence of the field during his time. Today, the Nobel Prize in Physics remains widely regarded as the most prestigious award in the discipline.
• Past winners of the Nobel physics prize include some of the most influential figures in the history of science, such as Albert Einstein, Pierre and Marie Curie, Max Planck and Niels Bohr, a pioneer of quantum theory.
• Last year’s prize was won by US scientist John Hopfield and British-Canadian Geoffrey Hinton for breakthroughs in machine learning that spurred the artificial intelligence boom, a development about which both have also expressed concerns.
• In keeping with tradition, physics is the second Nobel to be awarded this week, after two American and one Japanese scientist won the medicine prize for breakthroughs in understanding the immune system. The chemistry prize is due next, on Wednesday.

The science, literature and economics prizes are presented to the laureates by the Swedish king at a ceremony in Stockholm on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death, followed by a lavish banquet at city hall.

About The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences:

• It is a Swedish-based, independent scientific organization founded in 1739 to promote the sciences, particularly the natural sciences and mathematics, and to strengthen their influence in society.
• It is one of the world’s oldest scientific academies and is responsible for awarding the Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.

• The Academy’s work includes scientific exchange, public outreach, advising the government, and managing research institutes.