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Russia-India-China (RIC)? What is RIC ? UPSC Daily Current Affairs/8 Aug 2025

Home   »  Russia-India-China (RIC)? What is RIC ? UPSC Daily Current Affairs/8 Aug 2025

August 8, 2025

Russia-India-China (RIC)? What is RIC ? UPSC Daily Current Affairs/8 Aug 2025

Following a prolonged lull, Russia has reactivated efforts to revive the Russia-India-China (RIC) platform, an initiative also backed by China. The move comes as all three countries encounter varying degrees of pressure from Trumpranging from tariff disputes to negotiations over a Ukraine peace agreement.

Origins and Proposal (Late 1990s)

  • The RIC concept was first proposed by Yevgeny Primakov, the former Russian Prime Minister and later Foreign Minister, in 1998.
  • Context:
    • The post-Cold War unipolar world was dominated by the United States.
    • Primakov envisioned a multipolar world order where large Eurasian powers could act as a balancing force.
  • The idea was to foster strategic cooperation among Russia, India, and China in political, economic, and security matters.

Early Development and Meetings (2000–2006)

  • The first trilateral meeting of Foreign Ministers took place in New York in 2002, on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly.
  • The cooperation was initially informal and focused on:
  • Counterterrorism
  • Trade
  • Multipolarity in global governance
  • All three opposed unilateral military interventions like the U.S.-led Iraq War (2003).

Institutionalisation and Expansion (2006–2010)

  • The RIC meetings became more regular and were upgraded to include annual foreign minister-level meetings.
  • Key themes:
  • Reform of global institutions like the UN, WTO, and IMF.
  • Greater cooperation in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).
  • By this period, RIC began to be seen as a precursor to BRIC (later BRICS) with the inclusion of Brazil and South Africa.

Strategic Cooperation and Divergences (2010–2019)

  • RIC played a role in global climate change negotiations, countering Western pressure.
  • Coordination in forums like G20 and BRICS summits became common.
  • Differences emerged:
  • India’s growing closeness to the U.S. through defence deals and the Quad.
  • Border tensions between India and China.
  • Despite this, the three continued dialogue, often on the sidelines of BRICS or SCO.

Breakdown after the Galwan Valley Incident (2020)

  • June 2020: The Galwan Valley clash between Indian and Chinese forces killed 20 Indian soldiers and further strained ties.
  • India-China trust broke down, and RIC became largely inactive as a standalone mechanism.
  • Russia attempted to mediate but with limited success.

Recent Signals of Revival (2024–2025)

  • Global shifts — including U.S.–China trade wars, Western sanctions on Russia after the Ukraine war, and tariff threats to India — have created a shared interest in non-Western platforms.
  • Russia is pushing for RIC revival as part of its pivot to Asia strategy.
  • Potential focus areas for revival:
    • De-dollarisation of trade.
    • Alternative payment mechanisms.
    • Joint positions in the UN and SCO.

 


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