April 23, 2025
Why in news? India is focusing on developing its Arctic policy, particularly regarding the Northern Sea Route (NSR), a potential game-changer for global trade. The upcoming Arctic Circle India Forum on May 3–4, 2025, aims to push forward India’s Arctic strategy, balancing economic opportunities with ecological responsibility.
Relvance for UPSC Pre & Mains:
Prelims : Northern Sea Route (NSR)/ Arctic Circle India Forum etc
Mains : GS1- Geography-Climate Change/ GS 2- India’s Arctic policy/Geo-political significane
Key Points:
Significance of the Arctic and NSR:
Arctic Melting: The Arctic sea ice is shrinking by 12.2% per decade (NASA), creating the NSR as the shortest trade route between Europe and Asia.
Economic Potential: The NSR could significantly reduce cargo transport time and costs.
India’s Interest: India aims to leverage the NSR not just economically but also for strategic and geopolitical gains.
India’s Arctic Policy and Engagement:
Historical Ties: India signed the Svalbard Treaty in 1920 and operates the Himadri Arctic research base.
Research: Studies link Arctic changes to India’s monsoon patterns and agriculture, highlighting global interconnections.
Recent Developments:
2022 Arctic Policy: Needs streamlining to meet long-term goals.
Maritime Investments: India’s 2025-26 Budget allocated $3 billion to promote shipbuilding, including Arctic-ready icebreakers.
Multilateral Cooperation: India must engage in global capacity-building and knowledge-sharing initiatives.
Geopolitical Challenges:
Russia as a Partner: India and Russia are exploring NSR collaborations, with projects like the Chennai-Vladivostok Maritime Corridor connecting Arctic ports.
China’s Polar Silk Road: Cooperation with Russia risks aligning with China’s Arctic expansion, bypassing critical trade chokepoints like the Malacca Strait.
Balancing Power Blocs: Collaborating with both the U.S. and Russia is ideal but challenging due to their competing Arctic interests.
Strategic Opportunities:
Collaborations: Japan and South Korea could join India in balancing Arctic trade dynamics and countering China’s dominance.
Sustainability: India’s role in promoting eco-conscious Arctic policies while leveraging trade and resources is crucial.
Global Climate Context:
Warming Trends: Studies show 2024 exceeded the 1.5°C threshold, signaling climate risks for Arctic ecosystems.
Policy Dilemma: India must find a balance between exploiting Arctic opportunities and safeguarding fragile environments.
About the Northern Sea Route (NSR):
The Northern Sea Route (NSR) is a strategic and emerging maritime passage that lies along the Arctic Ocean’s coast, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It has garnered global attention due to its potential to revolutionize trade and geopolitics.
Key Features of the NSR:
Location: Extends from the Kara Sea, along the Russian Arctic coast, to the Bering Strait.
Shortest Route: Considered the shortest shipping route between Europe and Asia, reducing transit times by up to 40% compared to traditional routes like the Suez Canal.
Seasonal Accessibility: The route is open for navigation only during specific months (typically summer), but climate change is increasing its accessibility.
खबरों में क्यों? भारत अपनी आर्कटिक नीति को विकसित करने पर ध्यान केंद्रित कर रहा है, विशेष रूप से उत्तरी समुद्री मार्ग (NSR) के संबंध में, जो वैश्विक व्यापार के लिए एक गेम-चेंजर हो सकता है। 3-4 मई 2025 को होने वाला आर्कटिक सर्कल इंडिया फोरम भारत की आर्कटिक रणनीति को आगे बढ़ाने का लक्ष्य रखता है, जो आर्थिक अवसरों और पारिस्थितिक जिम्मेदारी के बीच संतुलन बनाएगा।
यूपीएससी प्रारंभिक और मुख्य परीक्षा के लिए प्रासंगिकता:
प्रारंभिक: उत्तरी समुद्री मार्ग (NSR), आर्कटिक सर्कल इंडिया फोरम, आदि।
मुख्य: GS1- भूगोल-जलवायु परिवर्तन; GS2- भारत की आर्कटिक नीति/भू-राजनीतिक महत्व।
मुख्य बिंदु:
आर्कटिक और NSR का महत्व:
भारत की आर्कटिक नीति और भागीदारी:
हाल के घटनाक्रम:
भू-राजनीतिक चुनौतियाँ:
रणनीतिक अवसर:
वैश्विक जलवायु संदर्भ:
उत्तरी समुद्री मार्ग (NSR) के बारे में:
उत्तरी समुद्री मार्ग (NSR) एक रणनीतिक और उभरता हुआ समुद्री मार्ग है, जो आर्कटिक महासागर के तट के साथ फैला है और अटलांटिक और प्रशांत महासागरों को जोड़ता है। यह वैश्विक व्यापार और भू-राजनीति में क्रांति लाने की अपनी क्षमता के कारण वैश्विक ध्यान आकर्षित कर रहा है।
NSR की मुख्य विशेषताएँ:
January 30, 2025
January 20, 2025
January 14, 2025
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