What is Decoupling ?

Decoupling refers to breaking the traditional link between two related factors, particularly economic growth and environmental degradation. In this context, it means achieving economic growth without a proportional increase in negative environmental impacts, such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Types of Decoupling:

1. Relative Decoupling:
   • Economic growth occurs at a faster rate than the increase in environmental degradation.
   • Example: GDP grows by 7%, but GHG emissions grow by only 4%.
2. Absolute Decoupling:
   • Economic growth occurs while environmental degradation (e.g., GHG emissions) either remains constant or declines.
   • Example: GDP grows by 7%, while emissions decrease or stay the same.

Why Decoupling is Important?

• Sustainable Development: It enables countries to grow economically while reducing harm to the environment.
• Combat Climate Change: Helps reduce emissions and other environmental pressures even as economies expand.
• Resource Efficiency: Encourages the use of clean technologies and renewable resources to minimize environmental impact.

Examples of Decoupling:

• India claims decoupling in its Economic Survey 2023-24, showing that from 2005-2019, GDP grew at a 7% rate, while emissions grew at a slower 4%.
• Countries transitioning to renewable energy sources (e.g., solar, wind) to support economic activities.

Challenges in Achieving Decoupling:

• High reliance on fossil fuels in many economies.
• Lack of affordable green technologies in developing nations.
• Increased consumption of natural resources driven by urbanization and industrialization.

Decoupling is a key concept in balancing economic development with environmental sustainability, promoting a greener and more resilient future.