Daily UPSC Current Quiz : 28 July 2026

ESAs are notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

The primary objective of declaring an area as an ESA is to completely prohibit all human activities, including agriculture and tourism, within the zone.

The Western Ghats Expert Panel, headed by Madhav Gadgil, recommended classifying the entire Western Ghats region as an ESA.

The Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act provides a unified national legal mechanism to target cheating, paper leaks, and organized exam fraud, covering major central recruitment bodies like the UPSC, SSC, and NTA.

Under the statutory provisions, all offences specified under the Act are categorized as bailable and compoundable to allow expedited settlement out of court.

The Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Amendment Bill introduces stricter norms, including a higher financial penalty of up to Rs. 5 crore and increased debarment periods for faulty or complicit private service providers.

The treaty establishes a dry-season water-sharing formula (from January 1 to May 31) based on flow measurements recorded at the Farakka Barrage.

Under the treaty terms, if the actual flow at Farakka drops below 70,000 cusecs, India receives a fixed guaranteed share of 35,000 cusecs, and Bangladesh receives the remainder.

The treaty has a total operational lifespan of 50 years with an automatic renewal clause unless formally terminated by either party.

It is widely regarded as one of the highest and most prestigious international honors in the field of mathematics, often colloquially called the “Nobel Prize of Mathematics.”

The award is presented annually by the International Mathematical Union (IMU) to recognize breakthrough research by mathematicians under the age of 40.

The prize includes a cash award funded entirely by the Nobel Foundation alongside a solid gold medal.