May 23, 2024
Why in News ? Norway, Ireland and Spain have recently said that they would recognise a Palestinian state.
What are the criteria?
What is Montevideo Convention?
The Convention outlines four main criteria:
It’s important to note that recognition by other states is not a requirement for statehood according to the Montevideo Convention. However, recognition can be a political tool used by states to acknowledge a new state and establish diplomatic relations.
There are some additional considerations beyond the Montevideo Convention:
Independence: The state should not be under the control of another state.
Self-Determination: The people of the territory should have the right to decide their own political future.
Why Palestine has not been recognized as a state by some countries?
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine is a major hurdle. Israel’s security concerns and the status of Jerusalem are key sticking points.
Oslo Accords: These interim agreements haven’t led to a final peace treaty. Some argue recognizing Palestine undermines the negotiation process outlined in the Accords.
Internal Palestinian Divisions: The division between Hamas, which controls Gaza, and the Palestinian Authority, which governs parts of the West Bank, weakens the claim to a unified state.
International Law Interpretations: There are differing views on whether Palestine meets all the criteria of statehood under international law, particularly regarding control over territory.
Arguments for Recognition: Supporters believe Palestinians have the right to self-determination and recognition would strengthen their bargaining position for peace.
Arguments against Recognition: Some argue recognizing a Palestinian state before a peace deal rewards actions like Hamas attacks and weakens Israel’s security.
About the Oslo Accords:
They were a pair of interim agreements signed between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in the early 1990s. They were a major attempt to move towards a peace treaty and resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Two Agreements: There were two main accords: Oslo I Accord (1993): Established a framework for Palestinian self-rule in the Gaza Strip and West Bank. Oslo II Accord (1995): Further defined the details of self-rule and addressed security arrangements. Goals: The aim was to create a five-year interim period of Palestinian self-governance leading to permanent status negotiations on core issues like borders, Jerusalem, refugees, and settlements. Key Points: Mutual Recognition: Israel recognized the PLO as the representative of the Palestinians and the PLO renounced violence and recognized Israel’s right to exist. Palestinian Authority: Established the Palestinian Authority (PA) to govern parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Security Arrangements: Defined security cooperation between Israel and the PA. The Oslo Accords have had a mixed legacy: Positives: They brought a period of relative calm and offered a framework for peace. Negatives: A final peace treaty was never reached. Violence continued, and the status of Jerusalem, refugees, and settlements remain unresolved. |
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