July 24, 2025
Advisory Opinion of the Supreme Court : R.K. Garg v. Union of India (1981
Why in News? The terms was in news regarding a Presidential reference to the Supreme Court regarding the scope of the Court’s power to curb the constitutional authority of the President and Governors in granting or withholding assent to bills.
An Advisory Opinion is a unique constitutional mechanism wherein the President of India can seek the opinion of the Supreme Court on questions of law or fact that are of public importance.
It has two clauses:
If at any time it appears to the President that a question of law or fact has arisen, or is likely to arise, which is of such a nature and of such public importance that it is expedient to obtain the opinion of the Supreme Court upon it, he may refer the question to the Court for consideration.
The President may also refer disputes arising out of pre-constitutional treaties or agreements with Indian states to the Supreme Court.
Note: The opinion given by the Supreme Court under Article 143 is advisory in nature and not binding on the President.
Historically, the Supreme Court has delivered advisory opinions in several significant cases:
However:
राष्ट्रपति को ऐसे मामलों पर सुप्रीम कोर्ट से राय मांगने का अधिकार है जो –
नोट: सुप्रीम कोर्ट की राय सलाहात्मक होती है, बाध्यकारी नहीं।
केस का नाम | मुख्य मुद्दा |
दिल्ली लॉज एक्ट केस (1951) | विधायी अधिकारों और डेलीगेटेड कानून की वैधता पर स्पष्टीकरण |
केरल एजुकेशन बिल (1958) | निजी शिक्षा संस्थानों पर राज्य सरकार के अधिकार |
बेरुबारी यूनियन केस (1960) | पाकिस्तान को भूमि सौंपने की प्रक्रिया |
विशेष न्यायालय विधेयक मामला (1978) | आपातकालीन अवधि के अपराधों के लिए विशेष अदालतों की वैधता |
कावेरी जल विवाद ट्रिब्यूनल (1992) | ट्रिब्यूनल के आदेशों की वैधता और बाध्यता |
इस्माइल फारूकी बनाम भारत सरकार (1994) | अयोध्या विवाद – मंदिर के अस्तित्व पर कोर्ट ने उत्तर देने से इनकार किया |
नहीं।
लेकिन:
अनुच्छेद 143 के तहत सुप्रीम कोर्ट राष्ट्रपति के संवैधानिक सलाहकार के रूप में कार्य करता है। यद्यपि दी गई राय बाध्यकारी नहीं होती, यह सरकार और न्यायपालिका के बीच एक संवैधानिक संवाद का सेतु है।
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