Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2025):

• Awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi
  They received the prize for their discovery of how the immune system is prevented from attacking the body itself. Their experiments about regulatory T cells revealed the mechanism of immune tolerance, which is important for preventing autoimmune diseases.

Nobel Prize in Physics (2025):

Awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis
The three scientists showed that quantum mechanical phenomena such as energy quantization and tunneling could occur in electric circuits on a scale that can be viewed macroscopically. This introduces a bridge between quantum physics and macroscopic systems which is of significant value for quantum computing.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2025):

Awarded to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi
They were awarded for their development of metal-organic frameworks or MOFs, which are highly porous materials with the capability of storing gases, capturing pollutants or catalyzing chemical reactions. They have created an entirely new engineering discipline of crystal which has practical applications in environments and industry.

Nobel Prize in Literature (2025)

Awarded to László Krasznahorkai for his fiction as a Hungarian novelist.
The Swedish Academy cited his dark, visionary fiction that reflect aspects of time, memory and chaos. He is characterized as philosophical and apocalyptic. He develops long, flowing sentences create a deep sense of unease with life; they are strikingly different in his work.

Nobel Peace Prize (2025):

María Corina Machado, a Venezuelan opposition leader, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. She was recognized for her brave efforts to restore democracy in Venezuela, despite ongoing persecution and threats. Her award, however, is also symbolic because she is still subject to political repression within Venezuela.

Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences (2025):

Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt received the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences. They were awarded for their research on how innovation and creative destruction are the engines of long-run economic growth. Their research calls attention to how older technologies and systems are continually replaced with newer, superior alternatives — a process known as “creative destruction” that is at the heart of economic growth in modern times.