July 8, 2025
Why in News? The Supreme Court has recently agreed to urgently hear, a batch of petitions challenging the legality of the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls being conducted by the Election Commission of India in poll-bound Bihar.
The court also referred to the landmark M.S. Gill v. Chief Election Commissioner (1977) case, highlighting that the Election Commission (EC) is not a law unto itself and must operate within the bounds of fairness and legality.
Key Points:
Legal Challenge: Opposition parties and petitioners argue that the SIR could disenfranchise crores of marginalized voters in Bihar and violate the principles of universal adult franchise.
Supreme Court Observation:
M.S. Gill Case (1977):
About SIR:
Purpose: The SIR aims to improve the integrity of electoral rolls by adding new voters, removing deceased or ineligible voters, correcting errors (e.g., names, addresses), and updating voter details due to changes like relocation.
Process:
House-to-House Verification: Electoral officials, such as Booth Level Officers (BLOs), conduct field visits to verify voter details directly with residents.
Data Updates: New voters (e.g., those turning 18) are enrolled, and outdated entries (e.g., deceased or shifted voters) are removed.
Public Participation: Citizens are encouraged to verify their details and report discrepancies during the revision period.
Special Campaigns: In some cases, special camps or online portals are set up to facilitate voter registration and updates.
Frequency: SIR is typically conducted periodically, often in response to specific needs (e.g., before major elections) or as directed by the Election Commission of India (ECI). It differs from routine annual revisions by being more intensive and focused.
Example: Recent posts on X mention SIR activities in regions like West Bengal, where BLOs verify voter lists, and in Delhi, where special camps were held in 2023 for voter updates ahead of elections.
“The elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assembly of every State shall be on the basis of adult suffrage.”
Universal adult franchise is not just a constitutional guarantee under Article 326 but a sacred democratic principle. Through various rulings, the Supreme Court has reinforced that the electoral process must be inclusive, free, and fair, protecting the right of every citizen to vote as a cornerstone of democracy.
समाचार में क्यों? सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने हाल ही में बिहार में चुनाव आयोग द्वारा किए जा रहे विशेष तीव्र पुनरीक्षण (Special Intensive Revision – SIR) की संवैधानिक वैधता को चुनौती देने वाली याचिकाओं की तत्काल सुनवाई के लिए सहमति दी है। इस संदर्भ में, अदालत ने एम.एस. गिल बनाम मुख्य चुनाव आयुक्त (1977) के ऐतिहासिक निर्णय का उल्लेख किया जिसमें कहा गया कि चुनाव आयोग स्वयं में कानून नहीं है, और उसे निष्पक्षता और कानून के दायरे में कार्य करना चाहिए।
विपक्षी दलों और याचिकाकर्ताओं का कहना है कि SIR प्रक्रिया से बिहार की वंचित और हाशिए पर खड़ी आबादी के करोड़ों लोगों का मताधिकार प्रभावित हो सकता है, जिससे सार्वभौमिक वयस्क मताधिकार के सिद्धांतों का उल्लंघन होगा।
“लोकसभा और राज्य विधानसभाओं के चुनाव वयस्क मताधिकार के आधार पर होंगे।”
सार्वभौमिक वयस्क मताधिकार केवल एक संवैधानिक अधिकार नहीं है, बल्कि भारतीय लोकतंत्र की आत्मा है। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने समय-समय पर अपने निर्णयों में यह सुनिश्चित किया है कि भारत में चुनावी प्रक्रिया समावेशी, निष्पक्ष और स्वतंत्र हो — और प्रत्येक नागरिक का मत अधिकार सुरक्षित रहे।
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