What is Marine Genetic Resources (MGRs)?

Marine Genetic Resources (MGRs) refer to genetic material derived from marine organisms (including plants, animals, and microbes) located in areas of the ocean that are not subject to national jurisdiction, which may have actual or potential value for scientific or commercial purposes, or for uses in biotechnology.

Important Considerations Regarding Marine Genetic Resources:
• Definition of MGRs: MGRs are derived from marine organisms that contain functional units of heredity that may have actual or potential value. For example, the genetic material of deep sea sponges or corals that can be used for developing pharmaceuticals or cosmetics.
• High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Treaty): As it pertains to MGRs, the treaty defines MGRs of the high seas as part of the “common heritage of humankind,” meaning that no one state can assert sovereignty over MGRs of the high seas.
• Benefit Sharing: One of the treaty’s fundamental principles is the “fair and equitable sharing of benefits” arising from using MGRs. Benefit sharing can include monetary and non-monetary benefits, and a benefit sharing mechanism can help ensure that developing countries have the capacity to participate in benefit sharing and ensure their benefits as well.
• Digital Sequence Information (DSI): One of the treaty’s core issues is how best to share benefits arising from the use of DSI (genetic sequence data). There is no agreement on what is meant by DSI. Some cite DSI refer specifically to the information or data about the genetic sequence (i.e., the DNA or RNA) while others suggested that it would also include associated traditional knowledge.
• Traditional Knowledge: The treaty contemplate access to MGRs is linked to traditional knowledge.