October 15, 2024
Why in News ? The Supreme Court has recently refused to entertain a PIL seeking directions under Article 142 to include sexual offences against men, trans persons and animals under the newly enacted Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) which replaced the Indian Penal Code.
The counsel for the petitioner relied upon the decision of the Top Court in P Ramachandra Rao v. State of Karnataka where it was observed that in the presence of lacuna in law, the Court can pass suitable guidelines. He added that the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs chaired by Mr Brij Lal in its report dated November 10, 2023 already notes the difficulty of deleting S. 377 from BNS.
About Section 377 IPC:
“Whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman, or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.”
Related Legal cases:
1.Naz Foundation Case (2009): The Delhi High Court, in a landmark judgment, decriminalized consensual homosexual acts between adults by reading down Section 377. The court held that criminalizing such acts violated fundamental rights guaranteed under Articles 14 (Right to Equality), 15 (Non-discrimination), and 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty) of the Indian Constitution.
2.Koushal Case (2013): The Supreme Court of India overturned the Delhi High Court’s ruling, reinstating Section 377 in its entirety. The court held that only the Parliament could change the law, not the judiciary.
3.Navtej Singh Johar Case (2018): In another landmark decision, the Supreme Court partially struck down Section 377, decriminalizing consensual same-sex acts between adults. The court ruled that the part of Section 377 criminalizing consensual relations between adults was unconstitutional as it violated fundamental rights. However, the section continues to apply to non-consensual sexual acts and acts involving minors or animals.
Key Supreme Court Findings (2018):
The court affirmed the right to privacy and dignity as intrinsic to the right to life and liberty (Article 21).
Present Status:
सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने कहा कि वह संसद को अपराध बनाने का निर्देश नहीं दे सकता:
चर्चा में क्यों? सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने हाल ही में एक जनहित याचिका पर विचार करने से इनकार कर दिया है, जिसमें अनुच्छेद 142 के तहत पुरुषों, ट्रांस व्यक्तियों और जानवरों के खिलाफ यौन अपराधों को भारतीय दंड संहिता की जगह लेने वाले नए अधिनियमित भारतीय न्याय संहिता (बीएनएस) के तहत शामिल करने के निर्देश देने की मांग की गई थी।
धारा 377 आईपीसी के बारे में:
“जो कोई भी व्यक्ति स्वेच्छा से किसी पुरुष, महिला या पशु के साथ प्रकृति के आदेश के विरुद्ध शारीरिक संबंध बनाता है, उसे आजीवन कारावास या किसी भी प्रकार के कारावास से दंडित किया जाएगा, जिसकी अवधि दस वर्ष तक हो सकती है, और जुर्माना भी देना होगा।”
संबंधित कानूनी मामले:
सुप्रीम कोर्ट के मुख्य निष्कर्ष (2018):
अदालत ने निजता और गरिमा के अधिकार को जीवन और स्वतंत्रता के अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 21) के लिए अंतर्निहित माना।
वर्तमान स्थिति:
• धारा 377 अब वयस्कों के बीच सहमति से समलैंगिक संबंधों को अपराध नहीं मानती है, लेकिन यह अभी भी गैर-सहमति वाले कृत्यों, पशुता और नाबालिगों से जुड़े यौन कृत्यों पर लागू होती
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