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		<title>National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA):</title>
		<link>https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/current-affair/national-pharmaceutical-pricing-authority-nppa/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2026 06:55:24 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/?post_type=current-affair&#038;p=12026</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Why in news? The Centre has granted in-principle approval to the NPPA to allow a price increase for two essential chemotherapy drugs: Cisplatin and Carboplatin. This move, executed under Para 19 of the Drugs (Prices Control) Order (DPCO), aims to resolve a nationwide supply crunch that has disrupted cancer treatment protocols at major hospitals. The [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3 data-path-to-node="3">Why in news?</h3>
<p id="p-rc_c02d1f2d54fd72d8-87" data-path-to-node="4"><span class="citation-106">The Centre has granted </span><b data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="23"><span class="citation-106">in-principle approval</span></b><span class="citation-106"> to the NPPA to allow a price increase for two essential chemotherapy drugs: </span><b data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="121"><span class="citation-106">Cisplatin</span></b><span class="citation-106"> and </span><b data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="135"><span class="citation-106">Carboplatin</span></b><span class="citation-106 citation-end-106">.</span> <span class="citation-105">This move, executed under </span><b data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="174"><span class="citation-105">Para 19 of the Drugs (Prices Control) Order (DPCO)</span></b><span class="citation-105 citation-end-105">, aims to resolve a nationwide supply crunch that has disrupted cancer treatment protocols at major hospitals.</span> <span class="citation-104">The shortage was primarily driven by the </span><b data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="376"><span class="citation-104">soaring global cost of platinum</span></b><span class="citation-104 citation-end-104">, a key raw material, which made local production economically unviable for manufacturers under existing price caps.</span></p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="6">Key points:</h3>
<ul data-path-to-node="7">
<li>
<p id="p-rc_c02d1f2d54fd72d8-88" data-path-to-node="7,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,0,0" data-index-in-node="0"><span class="citation-103">Emergency Powers</span></b><span class="citation-103">: Under </span><b data-path-to-node="7,0,0" data-index-in-node="24"><span class="citation-103">Para 19 of the DPCO</span></b><span class="citation-103 citation-end-103">, the government and the NPPA possess extraordinary authority to revise the ceiling or retail price of any drug in the &#8220;public interest&#8221; during exceptional circumstances.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p id="p-rc_c02d1f2d54fd72d8-89" data-path-to-node="7,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,1,0" data-index-in-node="0"><span class="citation-102">The &#8220;Platinum&#8221; Crisis</span></b><span class="citation-102 citation-end-102">: The Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) for these drugs relies on platinum.</span> <span class="citation-101 citation-end-101">Global prices for this metal have surged dramatically (by nearly 250% in recent times), compounded by supply chain disruptions, geopolitical conflicts (such as in West Asia), and import duty hikes.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p id="p-rc_c02d1f2d54fd72d8-90" data-path-to-node="7,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,2,0" data-index-in-node="0"><span class="citation-100">Impact on Patients</span></b><span class="citation-100 citation-end-100">: These drugs serve as the &#8220;backbone&#8221; of treatment for many solid tumors, including ovarian, cervical, lung, and head-and-neck cancers.</span> <span class="citation-99 citation-end-99">Prolonged shortages were forcing hospitals to ration supplies, leading to dangerous therapy delays.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Balance of Interests</b>: While higher prices may temporarily impact patient costs, the government&#8217;s priority is to <b data-path-to-node="7,3,0" data-index-in-node="112">restore uninterrupted supply</b>, as there are currently no effective clinical substitutes for these platinum-based agents.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p id="p-rc_c02d1f2d54fd72d8-91" data-path-to-node="7,4,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,4,0" data-index-in-node="0">Regulatory Approach</b>: This is a targeted intervention. <span class="citation-98">The government has clarified that it is </span><b data-path-to-node="7,4,0" data-index-in-node="94"><span class="citation-98">not considering a blanket price increase</span></b><span class="citation-98 citation-end-98"> for all essential medicines but is instead examining specific, justified cases where input costs have risen sharply.</span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-12027" src="https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/nppa.jpg" alt="" width="987" height="565" srcset="https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/nppa.jpg 987w, https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/nppa-300x172.jpg 300w, https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/nppa-768x440.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 987px) 100vw, 987px" /></p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="9">the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA):</h3>
<ul data-path-to-node="10">
<li>
<p id="p-rc_c02d1f2d54fd72d8-92" data-path-to-node="10,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,0,0" data-index-in-node="0"><span class="citation-97">Establishment</span></b><span class="citation-97">: Constituted on </span><b data-path-to-node="10,0,0" data-index-in-node="30"><span class="citation-97">August 29, 1997</span></b><span class="citation-97">, as an attached office of the </span><b data-path-to-node="10,0,0" data-index-in-node="76"><span class="citation-97">Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP)</span></b><span class="citation-97 citation-end-97">, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p id="p-rc_c02d1f2d54fd72d8-93" data-path-to-node="10,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,1,0" data-index-in-node="0"><span class="citation-96">Mandate</span></b><span class="citation-96 citation-end-96">: It acts as an independent regulator for pricing drugs and ensuring their availability and accessibility.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Core Functions</b>:</p>
<ul data-path-to-node="10,2,1">
<li>
<p id="p-rc_c02d1f2d54fd72d8-94" data-path-to-node="10,2,1,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,2,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0"><span class="citation-95">Fixing and Revising Prices</span></b><span class="citation-95 citation-end-95">: It determines ceiling prices for essential medicines notified under Schedule-I of the DPCO.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,2,1,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,2,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Monitoring</b>: It tracks the availability of drugs and ensures companies comply with notified price ceilings.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p id="p-rc_c02d1f2d54fd72d8-95" data-path-to-node="10,2,1,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,2,1,2,0" data-index-in-node="0"><span class="citation-94">Policy Advice</span></b><span class="citation-94 citation-end-94">: It renders advice to the government on pharmaceutical policies.</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p id="p-rc_c02d1f2d54fd72d8-96" data-path-to-node="10,2,1,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,2,1,3,0" data-index-in-node="0"><span class="citation-93">Public Grievance</span></b><span class="citation-93">: It operates platforms like </span><b data-path-to-node="10,2,1,3,0" data-index-in-node="45"><span class="citation-93">&#8216;Pharma Sahi Dam&#8217;</span></b><span class="citation-93"> and </span><b data-path-to-node="10,2,1,3,0" data-index-in-node="67"><span class="citation-93">&#8216;Pharma Jan Samadhan&#8217;</span></b><span class="citation-93 citation-end-93"> to inform the public about drug prices and address grievances.</span></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 data-path-to-node="0">राष्ट्रीय औषधि मूल्य निर्धारण प्राधिकरण (NPPA):</h2>
<h3 data-path-to-node="3">चर्चा में क्यों है? (Why in news?):</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="4">केंद्र सरकार ने <b data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="16">NPPA</b> को दो आवश्यक कीमोथेरेपी दवाओं: <b data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="52">सिसप्लेटिन (Cisplatin)</b> और <b data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="78">कार्बोप्लेटिन (Carboplatin)</b> की कीमतों में वृद्धि करने के लिए <b data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="139">सैद्धांतिक मंजूरी</b> दे दी है। यह कदम <b data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="174">ड्रग्स (प्राइस कंट्रोल) ऑर्डर (DPCO) के पैरा 19</b> के तहत उठाया गया है, जिसका उद्देश्य देश भर के अस्पतालों में चल रहे दवाओं के संकट को समाप्त करना है। यह कमी मुख्य रूप से <b data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="342">प्लेटिनम की बढ़ती वैश्विक कीमतों</b> के कारण हुई है, जिससे मौजूदा मूल्य सीमाओं (price caps) के तहत निर्माताओं के लिए इनका उत्पादन करना आर्थिक रूप से कठिन हो गया था।</p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="6">मुख्य बिंदु (Key points):</h3>
<ul data-path-to-node="7">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">आपातकालीन शक्तियां</b>: <b data-path-to-node="7,0,0" data-index-in-node="20">DPCO के पैरा 19</b> के तहत, सरकार और NPPA को असाधारण परिस्थितियों में &#8220;जनहित&#8221; में किसी भी दवा की अधिकतम मूल्य (ceiling price) या खुदरा मूल्य तय करने या संशोधित करने की विशेष शक्तियां प्राप्त हैं।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">&#8220;प्लेटिनम&#8221; संकट</b>: इन दवाओं के लिए मुख्य कच्चा माल प्लेटिनम है। हाल ही में इसके वैश्विक दाम लगभग 250% तक बढ़ गए हैं, साथ ही आपूर्ति श्रृंखला में बाधा और आयात शुल्क में बढ़ोतरी ने स्थिति को और गंभीर बना दिया है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">रोगियों पर प्रभाव</b>: ये दवाएं ओवेरियन, सर्वाइकल, फेफड़ों और सिर-गर्दन के कैंसर के इलाज के लिए &#8220;आधारभूत&#8221; (backbone) हैं। लंबे समय तक इनकी कमी के कारण अस्पतालों को आपूर्ति सीमित करनी पड़ रही थी, जिससे कैंसर का इलाज बाधित हो रहा था।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">संतुलन की आवश्यकता</b>: हालांकि बढ़ी हुई कीमतें अस्थायी रूप से मरीजों पर बोझ डाल सकती हैं, लेकिन सरकार की प्राथमिकता दवाओं की निर्बाध आपूर्ति सुनिश्चित करना है, क्योंकि इन दवाओं का अभी कोई प्रभावी क्लिनिकल विकल्प उपलब्ध नहीं है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,4,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,4,0" data-index-in-node="0">नियामक दृष्टिकोण</b>: यह एक लक्षित हस्तक्षेप है। सरकार ने स्पष्ट किया है कि वह सभी आवश्यक दवाओं की कीमतों में कोई &#8220;बल्क&#8221; बढ़ोतरी नहीं कर रही है, बल्कि केवल उन विशिष्ट मामलों की जांच कर रही है जहां इनपुट लागत में भारी वृद्धि हुई है।</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="9">राष्ट्रीय औषधि मूल्य निर्धारण प्राधिकरण (NPPA) के बारे में:</h3>
<ul data-path-to-node="10">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">स्थापना</b>: 29 अगस्त 1997 को रसायन और उर्वरक मंत्रालय के <b data-path-to-node="10,0,0" data-index-in-node="54">फार्मास्यूटिकल्स विभाग (DoP)</b> के एक संबद्ध कार्यालय के रूप में।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">जनादेश</b>: यह दवाओं की कीमतों के विनियमन और उनकी उपलब्धता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए एक स्वतंत्र नियामक के रूप में कार्य करता है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">प्रमुख कार्य</b>:</p>
<ul data-path-to-node="10,2,1">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,2,1,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,2,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">मूल्य निर्धारण</b>: आवश्यक दवाओं के लिए अधिकतम मूल्य (ceiling price) निर्धारित करना।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,2,1,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,2,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">निगरानी</b>: दवाओं की उपलब्धता पर नज़र रखना और कंपनियों द्वारा मूल्य सीमाओं के अनुपालन को सुनिश्चित करना।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,2,1,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,2,1,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">नीतिगत सलाह</b>: फार्मास्युटिकल नीतियों पर सरकार को सलाह देना।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,2,1,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,2,1,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">जन शिकायत</b>: &#8216;फार्मा सही दाम&#8217; और &#8216;फार्मा जन समाधान&#8217; जैसे प्लेटफॉर्म के माध्यम से जनता को जागरूक करना।</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC):</title>
		<link>https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/current-affair/international-trade-union-confederation-ituc/</link>
					<comments>https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/current-affair/international-trade-union-confederation-ituc/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[vdAdmin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2026 05:22:56 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/?post_type=current-affair&#038;p=12014</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Why in News? The International Labour Organization remains a critical entity in 2026 as global economies grapple with the transition to green energy, the integration of Artificial Intelligence in the workplace, and the ongoing need for fair wages in the face of persistent inflation. Discussions frequently center on the Just Transition framework and the protection [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3 data-path-to-node="2">Why in News?</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="3">The <b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="4">International Labour Organization</b> remains a critical entity in 2026 as global economies grapple with the <b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="109">transition to green energy</b>, the integration of <b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="156">Artificial Intelligence in the workplace</b>, and the ongoing need for <b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="223">fair wages</b> in the face of persistent inflation. Discussions frequently center on the <b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="308">Just Transition framework</b> and the protection of <b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="356">gig workers&#8217; rights</b> on a global scale.</p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="8">Key Points:</h3>
<ul data-path-to-node="9">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Tripartite Structure</b>: This allows for <b data-path-to-node="9,0,0" data-index-in-node="38">social dialogue</b> where representatives of governments, employers, and workers have an equal voice in shaping policies.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Decent Work Agenda</b>: Focuses on four pillars: <b data-path-to-node="9,1,0" data-index-in-node="45">employment creation</b>, <b data-path-to-node="9,1,0" data-index-in-node="66">social protection</b>, <b data-path-to-node="9,1,0" data-index-in-node="85">rights at work</b>, and <b data-path-to-node="9,1,0" data-index-in-node="105">social dialogue</b>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Declaration on Fundamental Principles</b>: Every member state, even if they have not ratified the specific conventions, has an obligation to respect, promote, and realize the principles concerning the fundamental rights:</p>
<ul data-path-to-node="9,2,1">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,2,1,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,2,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Freedom of association</b> and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,2,1,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,2,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Elimination of forced or compulsory labor</b>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,2,1,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,2,1,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Abolition of child labor</b>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,2,1,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,2,1,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Elimination of discrimination</b> in respect of employment and occupation.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,2,1,4,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,2,1,4,0" data-index-in-node="0">Safe and healthy working environment</b>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><img decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-12015" src="https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ILO.jpg" alt="" width="840" height="559" srcset="https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ILO.jpg 840w, https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ILO-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ILO-768x511.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px" /></p>
<h2 data-section-id="168944o" data-start="0" data-end="42">International Labour Organization (ILO)</h2>
<ul data-start="44" data-end="607">
<li data-section-id="62cntn" data-start="44" data-end="117">
<p data-start="46" data-end="117"><strong data-start="46" data-end="58">Founded:</strong> 1919 under the <strong data-start="74" data-end="98">Treaty of Versailles</strong> after World War I.</p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="1xwswv4" data-start="118" data-end="175">
<p data-start="120" data-end="175"><strong data-start="120" data-end="137">Headquarters:</strong> <span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"><span class="whitespace-normal">Geneva</span></span></p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="1wn72ot" data-start="176" data-end="282">
<p data-start="178" data-end="282"><strong data-start="178" data-end="197">Unique Feature:</strong> Only <strong data-start="203" data-end="227">tripartite UN agency</strong>, representing <strong data-start="242" data-end="281">Governments, Employers, and Workers</strong>.</p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="z931hr" data-start="283" data-end="312">
<p data-start="285" data-end="312"><strong data-start="285" data-end="297">Members:</strong> 187 countries.</p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="cvowrn" data-start="313" data-end="443">
<p data-start="315" data-end="443"><strong data-start="315" data-end="329">Main Role:</strong> Formulates and monitors <strong data-start="354" data-end="394">International Labour Standards (ILS)</strong> through <strong data-start="403" data-end="418">Conventions</strong> and <strong data-start="423" data-end="442">Recommendations</strong>.</p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="qhn3u2" data-start="444" data-end="525">
<p data-start="446" data-end="525"><strong data-start="446" data-end="460">Objective:</strong> Promote social justice, decent work, and labor rights worldwide.</p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="17mz62n" data-start="526" data-end="607">
<p data-start="528" data-end="607"><strong data-start="528" data-end="544">Recognition:</strong> Awarded the <strong data-start="557" data-end="598"><span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"><span class="whitespace-normal">Nobel Peace Prize</span></span></strong> in 1969.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 data-section-id="xfuggf" data-start="614" data-end="663">International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC):</h2>
<ul data-start="665" data-end="1108">
<li data-section-id="1syri5v" data-start="665" data-end="711">
<p data-start="667" data-end="711"><strong data-start="667" data-end="679">Founded:</strong> 2006 (merger of ICFTU and WCL).</p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="oysso0" data-start="712" data-end="769">
<p data-start="714" data-end="769"><strong data-start="714" data-end="731">Headquarters:</strong> <span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"><span class="whitespace-normal">Brussels</span></span></p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="m6f75g" data-start="770" data-end="823">
<p data-start="772" data-end="823"><strong data-start="772" data-end="781">Role:</strong> Global voice of workers and trade unions.</p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="16plspw" data-start="824" data-end="985">
<p data-start="826" data-end="840"><strong data-start="826" data-end="840">Functions:</strong></p>
<ul data-start="843" data-end="985">
<li data-section-id="n4ofr0" data-start="843" data-end="869">
<p data-start="845" data-end="869">Protect workers&#8217; rights.</p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="64n5j2" data-start="872" data-end="928">
<p data-start="874" data-end="928">Monitor labor rights violations (Global Rights Index).</p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="1i8192i" data-start="931" data-end="985">
<p data-start="933" data-end="985">Represent workers in forums such as the ILO and G20.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-section-id="1ssl0l8" data-start="986" data-end="1049">
<p data-start="988" data-end="1049"><strong data-start="988" data-end="1003">Membership:</strong> 300+ trade union centers from 150+ countries.</p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="aauoi" data-start="1050" data-end="1108">
<p data-start="1052" data-end="1108"><strong data-start="1052" data-end="1062">India:</strong> Indian trade unions are affiliated with ITUC.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 data-section-id="1qt6pls" data-start="1115" data-end="1163">International Organisation of Employers (IOE):</h2>
<ul data-start="1165" data-end="1617">
<li data-section-id="1g6pjgg" data-start="1165" data-end="1222">
<p data-start="1167" data-end="1222"><strong data-start="1167" data-end="1184">Headquarters:</strong> <span class="hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline"><span class="whitespace-normal">Geneva</span></span></p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="oous92" data-start="1223" data-end="1296">
<p data-start="1225" data-end="1296"><strong data-start="1225" data-end="1234">Role:</strong> Largest global network representing employers and businesses.</p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="145dm3z" data-start="1297" data-end="1498">
<p data-start="1299" data-end="1313"><strong data-start="1299" data-end="1313">Functions:</strong></p>
<ul data-start="1316" data-end="1498">
<li data-section-id="ewpfpz" data-start="1316" data-end="1359">
<p data-start="1318" data-end="1359">Represents employers in ILO, UN, and G20.</p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="15ggpma" data-start="1362" data-end="1421">
<p data-start="1364" data-end="1421">Promotes free enterprise and sustainable economic growth.</p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="xq40cm" data-start="1424" data-end="1498">
<p data-start="1426" data-end="1498">Provides policy support and capacity building to employer organizations.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-section-id="aiuxsa" data-start="1499" data-end="1565">
<p data-start="1501" data-end="1565"><strong data-start="1501" data-end="1516">Membership:</strong> 150+ employer organizations from 140+ countries.</p>
</li>
<li data-section-id="kbbbpn" data-start="1566" data-end="1617">
<p data-start="1568" data-end="1617"><strong data-start="1568" data-end="1595">India&#8217;s Representation:</strong> EFI, AIOE, and SCOPE.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="0">यहाँ अंतर्राष्ट्रीय श्रम संगठन (ILO), ITUC और IOE के बारे में जानकारी हिंदी में दी गई है:</p>
<h2 data-path-to-node="1">अंतर्राष्ट्रीय श्रम संगठन (ILO):</h2>
<h3 data-path-to-node="2">चर्चा में क्यों है:</h3>
<p id="p-rc_2737aa0c66ee16e3-43" data-path-to-node="3"><span class="citation-48">ILO ने हाल ही में </span><b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="18"><span class="citation-48">&#8216;Employment and Social Trends 2026&#8217;</span></b><span class="citation-48 citation-end-48"> रिपोर्ट जारी की है।</span> <span class="citation-47">इसमें चेतावनी दी गई है कि वैश्विक स्तर पर बेरोजगारी दर (4.9%) स्थिर बनी हुई है, लेकिन </span><b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="160"><span class="citation-47">गरीबी</span></b><span class="citation-47">, </span><b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="167"><span class="citation-47">असंगठित क्षेत्र (informal sector)</span></b><span class="citation-47"> में काम करने वालों की बढ़ती संख्या और युवाओं व महिलाओं के लिए </span><b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="263"><span class="citation-47">समान अवसर</span></b><span class="citation-47 citation-end-47"> की कमी अभी भी एक गंभीर वैश्विक चुनौती बनी हुई है।</span></p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="4">मुख्य बिंदु (Key Points):</h3>
<ul data-path-to-node="5">
<li>
<p id="p-rc_2737aa0c66ee16e3-44" data-path-to-node="5,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="5,0,0" data-index-in-node="0"><span class="citation-46">स्थापना</span></b><span class="citation-46 citation-end-46">: 1919 (वर्साय की संधि)।</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="5,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">मुख्यालय</b>: जिनेवा, स्विट्जरलैंड।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p id="p-rc_2737aa0c66ee16e3-45" data-path-to-node="5,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="5,2,0" data-index-in-node="0"><span class="citation-45">अनूठी विशेषता</span></b><span class="citation-45">: यह संयुक्त राष्ट्र की एकमात्र </span><b data-path-to-node="5,2,0" data-index-in-node="45"><span class="citation-45">त्रिपक्षीय (Tripartite)</span></b><span class="citation-45 citation-end-45"> एजेंसी है।</span> इसमें सरकार, नियोक्ता (Employers) और श्रमिक (Workers) तीनों का प्रतिनिधित्व होता है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p id="p-rc_2737aa0c66ee16e3-46" data-path-to-node="5,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="5,3,0" data-index-in-node="0"><span class="citation-44">लक्ष्य</span></b><span class="citation-44 citation-end-44">: सामाजिक न्याय को बढ़ावा देना और अंतरराष्ट्रीय श्रम मानकों (International Labour Standards) को स्थापित करना।</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,4,0"><b data-path-to-node="5,4,0" data-index-in-node="0">भारत</b>: भारत ILO का <b data-path-to-node="5,4,0" data-index-in-node="18">संस्थापक सदस्य</b> है।</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 data-path-to-node="7">ITUC और IOE: अन्य संबंधित संगठन</h2>
<p data-path-to-node="8">इन दोनों संगठनों की भूमिका ILO की त्रिपक्षीय बैठक में बहुत महत्वपूर्ण होती है।</p>
<table data-path-to-node="9">
<thead>
<tr>
<td><strong>विशेषता</strong></td>
<td><strong>ITUC (श्रमिकों का प्रतिनिधित्व)</strong></td>
<td><strong>IOE (नियोक्ताओं/उद्योगों का प्रतिनिधित्व)</strong></td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,1,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">पूरा नाम</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,1,1,0">International Trade Union Confederation</span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,1,2,0">International Organisation of Employers</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,2,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,2,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">मुख्यालय</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,2,1,0">ब्रुसेल्स, बेल्जियम</span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,2,2,0">जिनेवा, स्विट्जरलैंड</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,3,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,3,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">कार्य</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,3,1,0">श्रमिकों के अधिकारों, वेतन और सुरक्षा के लिए वकालत करना।</span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,3,2,0">व्यवसायों, मुक्त उद्यम (free enterprise) और रोजगार नीतियों के लिए पैरवी करना।</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,4,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,4,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">भारत सदस्य है?</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,4,1,0">हाँ, भारतीय ट्रेड यूनियनें इसमें शामिल हैं।</span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,4,2,0">हाँ, EFI और AIOE जैसे संगठन भारत का प्रतिनिधित्व करते हैं।</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 data-path-to-node="11">निष्कर्ष</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="12">ILO वैश्विक श्रम नीतियों के लिए एक मंच प्रदान करता है, जहाँ <b data-path-to-node="12" data-index-in-node="60">ITUC</b> श्रमिकों की आवाज़ उठाता है और <b data-path-to-node="12" data-index-in-node="95">IOE</b> उद्योग जगत के हितों का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। यह संतुलन ही वैश्विक श्रम कानून को संतुलित बनाता है।</p>
<p data-path-to-node="13">अधिक समझने के लिए यह वीडियो देखें: <a class="ng-star-inserted" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPHXcxMhATs" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-hveid="0" data-ved="0CAAQ_4QMahgKEwjc6Ib2sf6UAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQhgE">ILO का विस्तृत परिचय</a></p>
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		<title>Declining Total Fertility Rate (TFR)</title>
		<link>https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/current-affair/declining-total-fertility-rate-tfr/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[vdAdmin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2026 06:26:55 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/?post_type=current-affair&#038;p=12004</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Why in News? Recent data (Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2024) indicates that India’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has fallen to 1.9, placing it below the replacement level of 2.1 for the first time. This marks a major demographic shift, moving India from concerns of &#8220;population explosion&#8221; to the reality of slowing growth and long-term [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3 data-path-to-node="1">Why in News?</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="2">Recent data (Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2024) indicates that India’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has fallen to <b data-path-to-node="2" data-index-in-node="129">1.9</b>, placing it below the <b data-path-to-node="2" data-index-in-node="155">replacement level of 2.1</b> for the first time. This marks a major demographic shift, moving India from concerns of &#8220;population explosion&#8221; to the reality of slowing growth and long-term demographic challenges, mirroring trends seen globally in Europe and East Asia.</p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="4">Key Points:</h3>
<ul data-path-to-node="5">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="5,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Replacement Level Defined:</b> A TFR of <b data-path-to-node="5,0,0" data-index-in-node="36">2.1</b> is the threshold required for a generation to replace itself. A rate below this suggests that, without migration, the population will eventually shrink.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="5,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Regional Disparities:</b> While the national average is 1.9, there is significant variance. States like <b data-path-to-node="5,1,0" data-index-in-node="100">Bihar (2.9) and Uttar Pradesh (2.6)</b> remain above replacement levels, while southern and western states (e.g., Delhi, Kerala, Tamil Nadu) have reached &#8220;lowest-low&#8221; fertility levels (often 1.2–1.3).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="5,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Demographic Momentum:</b> Despite falling below replacement levels, India&#8217;s population will continue to grow for some time due to the large existing cohort of young people entering reproductive age.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="5,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Shift in Narrative:</b> The focus is shifting from population control to managing the consequences of an <b data-path-to-node="5,3,0" data-index-in-node="101">ageing population</b>, shrinking workforce, and potential economic stagnation.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="7">Drivers of TFR Decline (Impact Analysis):</h3>
<table data-path-to-node="8">
<thead>
<tr>
<td><strong>Category</strong></td>
<td><strong>Drivers/Factors</strong></td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="8,1,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="8,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Socio-Economic</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="8,1,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="8,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Rising costs</b> of education, healthcare, and housing make large families economically burdensome. <b data-path-to-node="8,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="96">Women’s increased educational attainment</b> and participation in the workforce lead to delayed marriage and childbirth. <b data-path-to-node="8,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="213">Urbanization</b> encourages smaller, nuclear families.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="8,2,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="8,2,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Technological</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="8,2,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="8,2,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Digital lifestyles</b> and technology adoption have changed relationship patterns and social norms, often favoring individual aspirations over traditional family-building.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="8,3,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="8,3,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Climatic/Environmental</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="8,3,1,0">Emerging concerns about <b data-path-to-node="8,3,1,0" data-index-in-node="24">climate change</b> and environmental sustainability are increasingly influencing the reproductive choices of younger generations (eco-anxiety).</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="8,4,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="8,4,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Cultural/Normative</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="8,4,1,0">A shift in <b data-path-to-node="8,4,1,0" data-index-in-node="11">value systems</b> prioritizing career growth, financial security, and personal freedom over early marriage and childbearing.</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 data-path-to-node="10">Potential Impacts:</h3>
<ul data-path-to-node="11">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="11,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="11,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Economic:</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="11,0,1">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="11,0,1,0,0"><i data-path-to-node="11,0,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Short-term:</i> Potential benefits from a &#8220;demographic dividend&#8221; if the working-age population is skilled and employed.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="11,0,1,1,0"><i data-path-to-node="11,0,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Long-term:</i> Risk of <b data-path-to-node="11,0,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="19">labor shortages</b>, reduced innovation due to a smaller pool of human capital, and potential stagnation in GDP per capita.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="11,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="11,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Social:</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="11,1,1">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="11,1,1,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="11,1,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Ageing Society:</b> A growing proportion of elderly dependents relative to the working-age population, straining pension and social safety nets.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="11,1,1,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="11,1,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Family Structure:</b> The decline of the joint-family system places higher pressure on nuclear parents for childcare, further discouraging large families.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="11,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="11,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Environmental:</b> Slower population growth could theoretically reduce pressure on natural resources and lower carbon emissions, though these benefits may be offset by high-consumption lifestyles.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="13">Way Forward:</h3>
<ul data-path-to-node="14">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="14,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="14,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Policy Redesign:</b> Move from population control to <b data-path-to-node="14,0,0" data-index-in-node="49">pro-family and productivity-enhancing policies</b>. This includes childcare subsidies, parental leave, and flexible workplace policies to balance career and family.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="14,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="14,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Focus on Productivity:</b> Since the workforce will eventually shrink, India must pivot toward enhancing <b data-path-to-node="14,1,0" data-index-in-node="101">labor productivity</b> through massive investment in education, skill development, and automation.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="14,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="14,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Social Security Reforms:</b> Proactively reform pension and healthcare systems to support an ageing demographic, ensuring these systems are fiscally sustainable.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="14,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="14,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Regional Balancing:</b> Implement region-specific strategies. While advanced states need support for ageing populations, states with higher TFR need continued focus on female education, healthcare, and family planning access.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="14,4,0"><b data-path-to-node="14,4,0" data-index-in-node="0">Private Sector Role:</b> Encourage companies to adopt &#8220;family-friendly&#8221; environments to support employees in raising children, helping to mitigate the &#8220;fertility trap.&#8221;</p>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote data-path-to-node="16">
<p data-path-to-node="16,0"><b data-path-to-node="16,0" data-index-in-node="0">Example:</b> Japan and South Korea serve as cautionary tales where TFR dropped to extremely low levels, leading to severe labor shortages. Their experience shows that once fertility rates fall significantly, it is exceptionally difficult for government incentives (cash or housing) alone to reverse the trend. India must learn from these global examples to proactively design social policies.</p>
<h2 data-path-to-node="16,0"><span style="color: #3366ff;">Mains Qn;&#8221;India is transitioning from a high-fertility society to a low-fertility one, yet it remains a youthful nation.&#8221; Discuss the socio-cultural factors driving this transition and its implications for the Indian family structure. (150 words)</span></h2>
<h2 data-path-to-node="1">रती कुल प्रजनन दर (Total Fertility Rate &#8211; TFR)</h2>
<h3 data-path-to-node="2">चर्चा में क्यों है:</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="3">नवीनतम आंकड़ों (सैंपल रजिस्ट्रेशन सिस्टम सांख्यिकीय रिपोर्ट 2024) से पता चलता है कि भारत की कुल प्रजनन दर (TFR) घटकर <b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="117">1.9</b> हो गई है, जो पहली बार <b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="143">प्रतिस्थापन स्तर (replacement level) 2.1</b> से नीचे आ गई है। यह एक बड़ा जनसांख्यिकीय बदलाव है, जहाँ भारत अब &#8220;जनसंख्या विस्फोट&#8221; की चिंता से निकलकर धीमी विकास दर और दीर्घकालिक जनसांख्यिकीय चुनौतियों की ओर बढ़ रहा है, जो यूरोप और पूर्वी एशिया के वैश्विक रुझानों के समान है।</p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="5">मुख्य बिंदु:</h3>
<ul data-path-to-node="6">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="6,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="6,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">प्रतिस्थापन स्तर:</b> TFR 2.1 वह सीमा है जो एक पीढ़ी को स्वयं को प्रतिस्थापित करने के लिए आवश्यक है। इससे नीचे की दर का अर्थ है कि यदि बाहर से पलायन (migration) न हो, तो अंततः जनसंख्या कम होने लगेगी।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="6,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="6,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">क्षेत्रीय असमानताएं:</b> राष्ट्रीय औसत 1.9 है, लेकिन राज्यों में काफी अंतर है। <b data-path-to-node="6,1,0" data-index-in-node="75">बिहार (2.9)</b> और <b data-path-to-node="6,1,0" data-index-in-node="90">उत्तर प्रदेश (2.6)</b> जैसे राज्य अभी भी प्रतिस्थापन स्तर से ऊपर हैं, जबकि दक्षिणी और पश्चिमी राज्य (जैसे दिल्ली, केरल, तमिलनाडु) बहुत निचले स्तर (1.2–1.3) तक पहुंच गए हैं।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="6,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="6,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">जनसांख्यिकीय गति (Demographic Momentum):</b> प्रतिस्थापन स्तर से नीचे आने के बावजूद, भारत की जनसंख्या कुछ समय तक बढ़ती रहेगी क्योंकि प्रजनन आयु में प्रवेश करने वाले युवाओं की संख्या अभी भी बहुत अधिक है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="6,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="6,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">विमर्श में बदलाव:</b> अब ध्यान &#8220;जनसंख्या नियंत्रण&#8221; से हटकर &#8220;बूढ़ी होती जनसंख्या, सिकुड़ते कार्यबल और संभावित आर्थिक स्थिरता&#8221; की चुनौतियों के प्रबंधन पर केंद्रित हो रहा है।</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="8">TFR में गिरावट के कारक (प्रभाव विश्लेषण):</h3>
<table data-path-to-node="9">
<thead>
<tr>
<td><strong>श्रेणी</strong></td>
<td><strong>कारक</strong></td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,1,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">सामाजिक-आर्थिक</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,1,1,0">शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य और आवास की बढ़ती लागत ने बड़े परिवारों को बोझ बना दिया है। महिलाओं की शिक्षा और कार्यबल में भागीदारी बढ़ने से शादी और बच्चों के जन्म में देरी हो रही है। शहरीकरण के कारण छोटे &#8216;एकल परिवार&#8217; (nuclear families) बढ़ रहे हैं।</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,2,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,2,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">तकनीकी</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,2,1,0">डिजिटल जीवनशैली ने सामाजिक मानदंडों को बदल दिया है, जिससे लोग पारंपरिक परिवार बनाने के बजाय व्यक्तिगत महत्वाकांक्षाओं को प्राथमिकता दे रहे हैं।</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,3,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,3,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">जलवायु/पर्यावरण</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,3,1,0">जलवायु परिवर्तन और पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता को लेकर बढ़ती चिंताएं (eco-anxiety) युवाओं के प्रजनन संबंधी निर्णयों को प्रभावित कर रही हैं।</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,4,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,4,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">सांस्कृतिक</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="9,4,1,0">करियर विकास, वित्तीय सुरक्षा और व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता को जल्दी शादी और बच्चे पैदा करने से अधिक महत्व दिया जा रहा है।</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 data-path-to-node="11">संभावित प्रभाव:</h3>
<ul data-path-to-node="12">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="12,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="12,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">आर्थिक:</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="12,0,1">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="12,0,1,0,0"><i data-path-to-node="12,0,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">अल्पकालिक:</i> यदि कार्यबल कुशल है, तो &#8220;जनसांख्यिकीय लाभांश&#8221; (demographic dividend) का लाभ मिल सकता है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="12,0,1,1,0"><i data-path-to-node="12,0,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">दीर्घकालिक:</i> श्रम की कमी, मानव पूंजी की कमी के कारण नवाचार में कमी, और प्रति व्यक्ति GDP में स्थिरता का जोखिम।</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="12,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="12,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">सामाजिक:</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="12,1,1">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="12,1,1,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="12,1,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">वृद्ध समाज:</b> कार्यबल की तुलना में बुजुर्गों की बढ़ती संख्या, जिससे पेंशन और सामाजिक सुरक्षा पर दबाव बढ़ेगा।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="12,1,1,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="12,1,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">पारिवारिक संरचना:</b> संयुक्त परिवार प्रणाली के खत्म होने से बच्चों की देखभाल का बोझ अकेले माता-पिता पर है, जो बड़े परिवार के विचार को हतोत्साहित करता है।</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="12,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="12,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">पर्यावरण:</b> धीमी जनसंख्या वृद्धि से प्राकृतिक संसाधनों पर दबाव कम हो सकता है, हालांकि उच्च खपत वाली जीवनशैली इसके लाभों को कम कर सकती है।</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="14">आगे की राह (Way Forward):</h3>
<ul data-path-to-node="15">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="15,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="15,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">नीति पुनर्गठन:</b> जनसंख्या नियंत्रण से हटकर &#8216;परिवार-समर्थक&#8217; (pro-family) और उत्पादकता बढ़ाने वाली नीतियों की आवश्यकता है। इसमें चाइल्डकेयर सब्सिडी, माता-पिता के लिए अवकाश और लचीली कार्य नीतियां शामिल होनी चाहिए।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="15,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="15,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">उत्पादकता पर ध्यान:</b> भविष्य में कार्यबल कम होने वाला है, इसलिए भारत को शिक्षा, कौशल विकास और स्वचालन (automation) के माध्यम से श्रम उत्पादकता बढ़ाने पर जोर देना चाहिए।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="15,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="15,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">सामाजिक सुरक्षा सुधार:</b> वृद्धावस्था जनसांख्यिकी का समर्थन करने के लिए पेंशन और स्वास्थ्य प्रणालियों में सुधार करें।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="15,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="15,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">क्षेत्रीय संतुलन:</b> राज्य-विशिष्ट रणनीतियां अपनाएं। जहां उन्नत राज्यों को बूढ़ी होती आबादी के लिए समर्थन चाहिए, वहीं उच्च TFR वाले राज्यों में महिला शिक्षा और परिवार नियोजन पर ध्यान देना जारी रखना होगा।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="15,4,0"><b data-path-to-node="15,4,0" data-index-in-node="0">निजी क्षेत्र की भूमिका:</b> कंपनियों को &#8220;परिवार-अनुकूल&#8221; वातावरण बनाने के लिए प्रोत्साहित करना चाहिए ताकि कर्मचारी अपने करियर और परिवार के बीच संतुलन बना सकें।</p>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote data-path-to-node="17">
<p data-path-to-node="17,0"><b data-path-to-node="17,0" data-index-in-node="0">उदाहरण:</b> जापान और दक्षिण कोरिया का उदाहरण एक चेतावनी है, जहाँ TFR बहुत कम हो गया है, जिससे भारी श्रम संकट पैदा हुआ है। उनके अनुभव बताते हैं कि एक बार प्रजनन दर गिर जाए, तो सरकारी प्रोत्साहन (नकद या आवास) से इसे पलटना बहुत कठिन होता है। भारत को इन वैश्विक उदाहरणों से सीखकर अपनी सामाजिक नीतियां पहले ही तैयार करनी होंगी।</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
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		<title>Navachar Mantra Initiative</title>
		<link>https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/current-affair/navachar-mantra-initiative/</link>
					<comments>https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/current-affair/navachar-mantra-initiative/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[vdAdmin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2026 12:49:07 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/?post_type=current-affair&#038;p=11955</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Launched by: Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE). Objective: To identify, nurture, and scale grassroots innovations and early-stage entrepreneurship. Focus Areas: Tier-2/Tier-3 cities, aspirational districts, and rural areas. Vision: To shift India from &#8220;Made in India&#8221; to &#8220;Imagined in India&#8221; by fostering indigenous technologies. Key Stakeholders &#38; Implementation: Lead Ministry: MSDE. Implementation Agency: National [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<ul data-path-to-node="2">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="2,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="2,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Launched by:</b> Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="2,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="2,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Objective:</b> To identify, nurture, and scale grassroots innovations and early-stage entrepreneurship.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="2,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="2,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Focus Areas:</b> Tier-2/Tier-3 cities, aspirational districts, and rural areas.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="2,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="2,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Vision:</b> To shift India from &#8220;Made in India&#8221; to &#8220;Imagined in India&#8221; by fostering indigenous technologies.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="3"><b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="0">Key Stakeholders &amp; Implementation:</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="4">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="4,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="4,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Lead Ministry:</b> MSDE.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="4,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="4,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Implementation Agency:</b> National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development (NIESBUD).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="4,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="4,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Technical Knowledge Partner:</b> Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer (FITT), IIT Delhi.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="4,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="4,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Launch Venue:</b> IIT Delhi.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="5"><b data-path-to-node="5" data-index-in-node="0">Priority Sectors</b> The initiative supports innovators in:</p>
<ul data-path-to-node="6">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="6,0,0">Agritech &amp; HealthTech</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="6,1,0">EdTech &amp; Skilling</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="6,2,0">Climate &amp; Sustainability</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="6,3,0">Rural Commerce</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="6,4,0">MSME Enablement</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="7"><b data-path-to-node="7" data-index-in-node="0">Operational Framework:</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="8">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="8,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="8,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Application Deadline:</b> July 5, 2026.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="8,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="8,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Evaluation:</b> Multi-stage process involving experts from academia, industry, investment firms, and government.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="8,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="8,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Engagement Period:</b> One-year programme for selected innovators.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="9"><b data-path-to-node="9" data-index-in-node="0">Support Ecosystem:</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="10">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Mentorship:</b> Roundtables, thematic webinars, and investor interactions.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Business Development:</b> Guidance on market access, regulatory compliance, IP management, fundraising, and scaling.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Operational Support:</b> Facilitation of pilot projects, strategic partnerships, and market linkages.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="10,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Visibility:</b> National exposure via ministerial podcasts, digital campaigns, and innovation showcases.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="11"><b data-path-to-node="11" data-index-in-node="0">Strategic Goals:</b></p>
<ol start="1" data-path-to-node="12">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="12,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="12,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Ecosystem Building:</b> Creating a structured pipeline of grassroots innovators.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="12,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="12,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Bridging Gaps:</b> Connecting innovators directly with policymakers, investors, and domain experts.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="12,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="12,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">National Vision:</b> Contributing to the realization of a self-reliant and innovation-driven <i data-path-to-node="12,2,0" data-index-in-node="89">Viksit Bharat</i>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="12,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="12,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Global Impact:</b> Encouraging solutions that address local challenges but hold global relevance in emerging sectors like AI, semiconductors, green energy, and biotechnology.</p>
</li>
</ol>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<title>Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM):</title>
		<link>https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/current-affair/hybrid-annuity-model-ham/</link>
					<comments>https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/current-affair/hybrid-annuity-model-ham/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[vdAdmin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2026 08:21:45 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/?post_type=current-affair&#038;p=11949</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Why in News? The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), chaired by the Prime Minister, has approved the 4-laning of two critical National Highway sections in Telangana to improve regional connectivity, reduce congestion, and enhance logistics efficiency under the PM GatiShakti framework. Key Project Highlights: Project Scope: Widening 190.76 km of roads across two sections: [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Why in News?</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="4">The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), chaired by the Prime Minister, has approved the <strong data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="98">4-laning of two critical National Highway sections in Telangana</strong> to improve regional connectivity, reduce congestion, and enhance logistics efficiency under the <strong data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="258">PM GatiShakti</strong> framework.</p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="6">Key Project Highlights:</h3>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="7,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="7,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Project Scope:</strong> Widening 190.76 km of roads across two sections:
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="7,0,1,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="7,0,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">NH-63 (Armoor-Jagtial-Mancherial):</strong> To be developed on the <strong data-path-to-node="7,0,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="58">Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM)</strong>.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="7,0,1,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="7,0,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">NH-563 (Jagtial-Karimnagar):</strong> To be developed on the <strong data-path-to-node="7,0,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="52">Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT-Toll)</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-path-to-node="7,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="7,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Capital Cost:</strong> 7,597.16 crore.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="7,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="7,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Connectivity Impact:</strong> Connects 5 Economic Nodes, 7 Social Nodes, and 10 Logistic Nodes.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="7,3,0"><strong data-path-to-node="7,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Efficiency Gains:</strong></li>
<li>Reduces travel time by 1.5 hours (Armoor-Mancherial) and 45 minutes (Jagtial-Karimnagar).</li>
<li>Enables design speed of 100 km/hour.</li>
<li>Significant reduction in fuel consumption, carbon emissions, and Vehicle Operating Costs (VOC).</li>
</ul>
<p><img decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-11950" src="https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ham26.jpg" alt="" width="843" height="554" srcset="https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ham26.jpg 843w, https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ham26-300x197.jpg 300w, https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/ham26-768x505.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 843px) 100vw, 843px" /></p>
<p><strong>About Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM):</strong></p>
<p>The HAM is a mix of the EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) and BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) models, designed to de-risk highway projects.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>How it works:</strong></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul>
<li><strong>Government Contribution:</strong> The government provides <strong>40%</strong> of the project cost during the construction phase (as annual payments/annuity).</li>
<li><strong>Private Developer Contribution:</strong> The developer invests the remaining <strong>60%</strong>, which they recover through interest and annuity payments from the government over the operation period.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><strong>Advantages:</strong></li>
<li>Reduces financial burden on the private developer.</li>
<li>The government bears the revenue risk (toll collection risk), while the developer focuses on construction and maintenance.</li>
<li>Faster project execution compared to pure BOT models</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="5"><b data-path-to-node="5" data-index-in-node="0">यह चर्चा में क्यों है?</b></h3>
<p data-path-to-node="6">प्रधानमंत्री की अध्यक्षता में आर्थिक मामलों की मंत्रिमंडलीय समिति (CCEA) ने तेलंगाना में <b data-path-to-node="6" data-index-in-node="89">दो महत्वपूर्ण राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग (NH) खंडों को 4-लेन का बनाने</b> की मंजूरी दी है। इसका उद्देश्य क्षेत्रीय कनेक्टिविटी में सुधार करना, भीड़भाड़ कम करना और <b data-path-to-node="6" data-index-in-node="240">PM गतिशक्ति</b> ढांचे के तहत लॉजिस्टिक्स दक्षता को बढ़ाना है।</p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="8"><b data-path-to-node="8" data-index-in-node="0">2. परियोजना के मुख्य बिंदु</b></h3>
<ul data-path-to-node="9">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">परियोजना का दायरा:</b> कुल 190.76 किमी की सड़क का विस्तार:</p>
<ul data-path-to-node="9,0,1">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,0,1,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,0,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">NH-63 (अरमूर-जगतियाल-मंचेरियल):</b> इसे <b data-path-to-node="9,0,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="36">हाइब्रिड एन्युटी मॉडल (HAM)</b> के तहत विकसित किया जाएगा।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,0,1,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,0,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">NH-563 (जगतियाल-करीमनगर):</b> इसे <b data-path-to-node="9,0,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="30">बिल्ड-ऑपरेट-ट्रांसफर (BOT-Toll)</b> मॉडल के तहत विकसित किया जाएगा।</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">लागत:</b> ₹7,597.16 करोड़।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">कनेक्टिविटी:</b> यह परियोजना 5 आर्थिक नोड्स, 7 सामाजिक नोड्स और 10 लॉजिस्टिक नोड्स को आपस में जोड़ेगी।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="9,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">दक्षता में सुधार:</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="9,3,1">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,3,1,0,0">अरमूर-मंचेरियल के बीच यात्रा समय में 1.5 घंटे और जगतियाल-करीमनगर के बीच 45 मिनट की कमी आएगी।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,3,1,1,0">100 किमी/घंटा की डिजाइन गति।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,3,1,2,0">ईंधन की खपत, कार्बन उत्सर्जन और वाहन परिचालन लागत (VOC) में कमी।</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="11"><b data-path-to-node="11" data-index-in-node="0">3. हाइब्रिड एन्युटी मॉडल (HAM) क्या है?</b></h3>
<p data-path-to-node="12">HAM मॉडल, EPC (इंजीनियरिंग, प्रोक्योरमेंट और कंस्ट्रक्शन) और BOT (बिल्ड-ऑपरेट-ट्रांसफर) मॉडल का एक मिला-जुला रूप है, जिसे राजमार्ग परियोजनाओं से जुड़े जोखिमों को कम करने के लिए बनाया गया है।</p>
<ul data-path-to-node="13">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="13,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="13,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">यह कैसे काम करता है?</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="13,0,1">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="13,0,1,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="13,0,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">सरकारी योगदान:</b> सरकार निर्माण चरण के दौरान परियोजना लागत का <b data-path-to-node="13,0,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="59">40%</b> भुगतान करती है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="13,0,1,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="13,0,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">निजी डेवलपर का योगदान:</b> डेवलपर शेष <b data-path-to-node="13,0,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="34">60%</b> निवेश करता है, जिसे वह संचालन अवधि के दौरान सरकार से मिलने वाले ब्याज और वार्षिक भुगतानों (एन्युटी) के माध्यम से वसूल करता है।</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="13,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="13,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">लाभ:</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="13,1,1">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="13,1,1,0,0">निजी डेवलपर पर वित्तीय बोझ कम होता है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="13,1,1,1,0">सरकार राजस्व/टोल संग्रह का जोखिम उठाती है, जबकि डेवलपर निर्माण और रखरखाव पर ध्यान केंद्रित करता है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="13,1,1,2,0">शुद्ध BOT मॉडल की तुलना में परियोजना का कार्यान्वयन तेजी से होता है।</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="15"><b data-path-to-node="15" data-index-in-node="0">4. राजमार्ग विकास के प्रकार (तुलनात्मक चार्ट)</b></h3>
<table data-path-to-node="16">
<thead>
<tr>
<td><strong>मॉडल</strong></td>
<td><strong>वित्तीय जिम्मेदारी</strong></td>
<td><strong>जोखिम कौन उठाता है?</strong></td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="16,1,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="16,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">EPC</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="16,1,1,0">100% सरकारी फंड</span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="16,1,2,0">सारा जोखिम सरकार का</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="16,2,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="16,2,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">BOT (Toll)</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="16,2,1,0">100% निजी फंड</span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="16,2,2,0">सारा जोखिम निजी डेवलपर का (यातायात/राजस्व)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span data-path-to-node="16,3,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="16,3,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">HAM</b></span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="16,3,1,0">40% सरकार + 60% निजी</span></td>
<td><span data-path-to-node="16,3,2,0">राजस्व/टोल जोखिम सरकार का; निर्माण जोखिम डेवलपर का</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Daily  Current  Affairs for UPSC/ 3 June 2026/MAHA Water Mission</title>
		<link>https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/current-affair/daily-current-affairs-for-upsc-3-june-2026-maha-water-mission/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[vdAdmin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Jun 2026 05:48:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/?post_type=current-affair&#038;p=11932</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Why in news ? The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) and the Ministry of Jal Shakti have jointly launched the &#8220;MAHA Water Mission&#8221; to catalyze innovation in the water sector. Objective of ANRF: ANRF is democratizing research funding by breaking the monopoly of established institutions. It aims to expand opportunities for startups, MSMEs, universities, and [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Why in news ? </strong>The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) and the Ministry of Jal Shakti have jointly launched the &#8220;MAHA Water Mission&#8221; to catalyze innovation in the water sector.</p>
<p><strong>Objective of ANRF:</strong> ANRF is democratizing research funding by breaking the monopoly of established institutions. It aims to expand opportunities for startups, MSMEs, universities, and innovators across India, integrating them into the national innovation ecosystem.</p>
<p><strong>MAHA Water Mission Details:</strong> The mission focuses on five-pronged strategic goals:</p>
<ul>
<li>Water Resource Assessment and Sustainable Management</li>
<li>Drinking Water Security</li>
<li>Water Quality and Ecological Health</li>
<li>Water Use Efficiency and Circular Economy</li>
<li>Climate Resilience and Adaptation</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Financial and Support Framework:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Outlay: ₹200 crore over a period of five years, co-funded by ANRF and the Ministry of Jal Shakti.</li>
<li>Consortia Support: Selected multidisciplinary consortia (universities, labs, startups, MSMEs, industry) can receive up to ₹20 crore for technology development, validation, and field deployment.</li>
<li>Scope: The initiative creates an integrated pathway from fundamental lab research to commercial-scale deployment.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Strategic Integration:</strong> The mission leverages a &#8220;Whole-of-Government&#8221; approach, connecting scientific data with governance. A significant MoU was signed between the Department of Water Resources and the Department of Space/ISRO to utilize satellite data, geospatial mapping, and scientific insights for groundwater assessment and irrigation planning.</p>
<p><strong>Broader Context:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>StartUp Ecosystem: India has grown from ~400 startups a decade ago to over two lakh today, creating nearly 20–24 lakh jobs.</li>
<li>MAHA Missions: The ANRF has launched similar mission-mode programs in high-impact areas including Electric Vehicles (EVs), Drones, Medical Technologies (MedTech), and 6G Communications.</li>
<li>Public Participation: The event also marked the launch of the <em>Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari</em> (JSJB-CTR) Portal and App to promote citizen tracking and reporting in water conservation.</li>
</ul>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-11933" src="https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/maha-3.jpg" alt="" width="820" height="526" srcset="https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/maha-3.jpg 820w, https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/maha-3-300x192.jpg 300w, https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/maha-3-768x493.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px" /></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Vision:</strong> The initiative aims to address critical national water challenges through indigenous, technology-driven solutions while fostering a culture of collaborative innovation between academia, industry, and grassroots stakeholders.</p>
<p><strong>About ANRF:</strong></p>
<p>The <strong data-path-to-node="0" data-index-in-node="4">Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF)</strong> is India&#8217;s apex statutory body established to provide high-level strategic direction for research, innovation, and entrepreneurship across the country. Created through the <strong data-path-to-node="0" data-index-in-node="223">ANRF Act, 2023</strong>, it serves as a central coordinating hub to integrate and elevate India&#8217;s scientific and technological landscape.</p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="1">Key Characteristics:</h3>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="2,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="2,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Statutory Status:</strong> ANRF is a statutory body established by an Act of Parliament, functioning under the Department of Science &amp; Technology (DST).</li>
<li data-path-to-node="2,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="2,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Leadership:</strong> It is presided over by the Prime Minister of India as the ex-officio President of the Governing Board. Union Ministers of Science &amp; Technology and Education serve as Vice-Presidents.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="2,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="2,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Scope:</strong> Its mandate covers a broad spectrum, including natural and mathematical sciences, engineering and technology, environmental and earth sciences, health, agriculture, and the interface between science and humanities.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="2,3,0"><strong data-path-to-node="2,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Objective:</strong> ANRF aims to seed, grow, and promote a culture of research throughout universities, colleges, and R&amp;D laboratories, effectively bridging the gap between academic research and industrial application.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="2,4,0"><strong data-path-to-node="2,4,0" data-index-in-node="0">Replacement of SERB:</strong> The ANRF has subsumed the erstwhile Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), repealing the SERB Act, 2008.</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="3">Strategic Functions:</h3>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="4,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="4,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Roadmap Development:</strong> Formulating short-term, medium-term, and long-term roadmaps for national R&amp;D programs.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="4,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="4,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Funding and Grants:</strong> Financing and facilitating R&amp;D infrastructure and providing competitive grants for research. It also promotes the &#8220;MAHA&#8221; (Missions for Advancement in High-Impact Areas) programs to solve national challenges in mission mode.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="4,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="4,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Collaborative Ecosystem:</strong> Forging partnerships among academia, industry, government departments, and international scientific organizations.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="4,3,0"><strong data-path-to-node="4,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Private Sector Engagement:</strong> Actively encouraging investment from the private sector, public sector enterprises, and philanthropic organizations to augment government funding.</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="5">Financial Structure:</h3>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="6,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="6,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Funding Sources:</strong> Financed through a mix of central government grants and loans, donations, and investment income.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="6,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="6,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Innovation Fund:</strong> ANRF maintains specialized funds, including the <strong data-path-to-node="6,1,0" data-index-in-node="65">Innovation Fund</strong> and the <strong data-path-to-node="6,1,0" data-index-in-node="89">Research, Development, and Innovation (RDI) Fund</strong>, which channel resources into high-impact, capital-intensive projects.</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="1">ANRF–MAHA जल मिशन:</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="2"><b data-path-to-node="2" data-index-in-node="0">लॉन्च का अवलोकन:</b> अनुसंधान नेशनल रिसर्च फाउंडेशन (ANRF) और जल शक्ति मंत्रालय ने जल क्षेत्र में नवाचार (innovation) को बढ़ावा देने के लिए संयुक्त रूप से &#8220;MAHA जल मिशन&#8221; लॉन्च किया है।</p>
<p data-path-to-node="3"><b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="0">ANRF का उद्देश्य:</b> ANRF अनुसंधान फंडिंग का लोकतंत्रीकरण (democratization) कर रहा है ताकि स्थापित संस्थानों के एकाधिकार को खत्म किया जा सके। इसका लक्ष्य पूरे भारत में स्टार्टअप्स, MSMEs, विश्वविद्यालयों और नवप्रवर्तकों के लिए अवसरों का विस्तार करना है।</p>
<p data-path-to-node="4"><b data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="0">MAHA जल मिशन का विवरण:</b> यह मिशन पांच प्रमुख लक्ष्यों पर केंद्रित है:</p>
<ul data-path-to-node="5">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,0,0">जल संसाधन मूल्यांकन और सतत प्रबंधन।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,1,0">पेयजल सुरक्षा।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,2,0">जल की गुणवत्ता और पारिस्थितिक स्वास्थ्य।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,3,0">जल उपयोग दक्षता और चक्रीय अर्थव्यवस्था (Circular Economy)।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,4,0">जलवायु लचीलापन और अनुकूलन।</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="6"><b data-path-to-node="6" data-index-in-node="0">वित्तीय और सहायता ढांचा:</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="7">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,0,0">कुल परिव्यय: पांच वर्षों में ₹200 करोड़, जिसे ANRF और जल शक्ति मंत्रालय द्वारा संयुक्त रूप से वित्त पोषित किया जाएगा।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,1,0">कंसोर्टियम सहायता: चयनित बहु-विषयक समूहों (विश्वविद्यालय, लैब, स्टार्टअप, MSME, उद्योग) को तकनीक विकास और फील्ड तैनाती के लिए ₹20 करोड़ तक की सहायता मिल सकती है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,2,0">कार्यक्षेत्र: यह बुनियादी प्रयोगशाला अनुसंधान से लेकर व्यावसायिक स्तर की तैनाती तक एक एकीकृत मार्ग बनाता है।</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="8"><b data-path-to-node="8" data-index-in-node="0">रणनीतिक एकीकरण:</b> यह मिशन &#8216;होल-ऑफ-गवर्नमेंट&#8217; दृष्टिकोण का लाभ उठाता है। जल संसाधन विभाग और ISRO के बीच एक MoU पर हस्ताक्षर किए गए हैं ताकि उपग्रह डेटा और भू-स्थानिक मानचित्रण का उपयोग जल प्रबंधन के लिए किया जा सके।</p>
<p data-path-to-node="9"><b data-path-to-node="9" data-index-in-node="0">व्यापक संदर्भ:</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="10">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,0,0">स्टार्टअप इकोसिस्टम: भारत में स्टार्टअप्स की संख्या एक दशक पहले के ~400 से बढ़कर अब दो लाख से अधिक हो गई है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,1,0">MAHA मिशन: ANRF ने इलेक्ट्रिक वाहन (EV), ड्रोन, मेडटेक और 6G संचार जैसे उच्च-प्रभाव वाले क्षेत्रों में इसी तरह के मिशन शुरू किए हैं।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,2,0">जन भागीदारी: जल संरक्षण में नागरिकों की भागीदारी के लिए &#8216;जल संचय जन भागीदारी&#8217; (JSJB-CTR) पोर्टल और ऐप भी लॉन्च किया गया।</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="12">अनुसंधान नेशनल रिसर्च फाउंडेशन (ANRF) के बारे में</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="13">ANRF भारत का शीर्ष वैधानिक निकाय है, जिसे देश भर में अनुसंधान, नवाचार और उद्यमिता के लिए रणनीतिक दिशा प्रदान करने के लिए स्थापित किया गया है। इसे ANRF अधिनियम, 2023 के तहत बनाया गया है।</p>
<p data-path-to-node="14"><b data-path-to-node="14" data-index-in-node="0">मुख्य विशेषताएं:</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="15">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="15,0,0">वैधानिक दर्जा: यह संसद के एक अधिनियम द्वारा स्थापित एक वैधानिक निकाय है, जो विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी विभाग (DST) के तहत कार्य करता है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="15,1,0">नेतृत्व: इसके शासी बोर्ड के पदेन अध्यक्ष भारत के प्रधानमंत्री होते हैं। विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी मंत्री तथा शिक्षा मंत्री इसके उपाध्यक्ष होते हैं।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="15,2,0">कार्यक्षेत्र: इसका दायरा प्राकृतिक विज्ञान, इंजीनियरिंग, स्वास्थ्य, कृषि और विज्ञान-मानविकी के बीच के अंतरफलक तक फैला है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="15,3,0">उद्देश्य: इसका लक्ष्य विश्वविद्यालयों और अनुसंधान प्रयोगशालाओं में अनुसंधान की संस्कृति को बढ़ावा देना और शैक्षणिक अनुसंधान व औद्योगिक अनुप्रयोग के बीच की दूरी को पाटना है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="15,4,0">SERB का स्थान: ANRF ने पूर्व के विज्ञान और इंजीनियरिंग अनुसंधान बोर्ड (SERB) का स्थान लिया है।</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="16"><b data-path-to-node="16" data-index-in-node="0">रणनीतिक कार्य:</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="17">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="17,0,0">रोडमैप विकास: राष्ट्रीय R&amp;D कार्यक्रमों के लिए अल्पकालिक, मध्यम और दीर्घकालिक रोडमैप तैयार करना।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="17,1,0">फंडिंग और अनुदान: अनुसंधान के लिए बुनियादी ढांचा तैयार करना और प्रतिस्पर्धी अनुदान प्रदान करना।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="17,2,0">सहयोगी पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र: शिक्षा जगत, उद्योग और सरकारी विभागों के बीच साझेदारी बनाना।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="17,3,0">निजी क्षेत्र की भागीदारी: निजी क्षेत्र के निवेश को प्रोत्साहित करना।</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="18"><b data-path-to-node="18" data-index-in-node="0">वित्तीय संरचना:</b></p>
<ul data-path-to-node="19">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="19,0,0">फंडिंग के स्रोत: केंद्र सरकार के अनुदान, ऋण, दान और निवेश आय का मिश्रण।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="19,1,0">इनोवेशन फंड: ANRF उच्च-प्रभाव वाली परियोजनाओं के लिए &#8216;इनोवेशन फंड&#8217; और &#8216;RDI फंड&#8217; जैसी विशिष्ट</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Gist of daily Aticle/ The Hindu/Janjati Suraksha Manch (JSM)/What does &#8220;Delisted&#8221; mean?</title>
		<link>https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/current-affair/gist-of-daily-aticle-the-hindu-janjati-suraksha-manch-jsm-what-does-delisted-mean/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[vdAdmin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 2026 06:11:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/?post_type=current-affair&#038;p=11901</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[A group called the Janjati Suraksha Manch (JSM) is demanding that any Adivasi who has converted to Christianity should be &#8220;delisted.&#8221; What does &#8220;Delisted&#8221; mean? It means they want the government to remove these people from the official list of Scheduled Tribes. The Consequence: If they are removed from the list, they would no longer [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A group called the <strong data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="19">Janjati Suraksha Manch (JSM)</strong> is demanding that any Adivasi who has converted to Christianity should be &#8220;delisted.&#8221;</p>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="4,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="4,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">What does &#8220;Delisted&#8221; mean?</strong> It means they want the government to remove these people from the official list of Scheduled Tribes.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="4,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="4,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">The Consequence:</strong> If they are removed from the list, they would no longer be eligible for government reservations (quotas in jobs, schools, and elections) or other legal protections reserved for tribal communities.</li>
</ul>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-11902" src="https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/delisting.jpg" alt="" width="1163" height="556" srcset="https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/delisting.jpg 1163w, https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/delisting-300x143.jpg 300w, https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/delisting-1024x490.jpg 1024w, https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/delisting-768x367.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1163px) 100vw, 1163px" /></p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="5">Why are they doing this?</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="6">The JSM argues that Adivasi identity is tied to their traditional, indigenous religious beliefs. They claim that if an Adivasi converts to Christianity, they have abandoned their culture and traditions, and therefore, they are no longer &#8220;truly&#8221; Adivasi.</p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="7"> What is the counter-argument?</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="8">Most legal and constitutional experts—and the Indian Constitution itself—take a different view:</p>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="9,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">The Criteria:</strong> Being an &#8220;Adivasi&#8221; is not about what religion you pray to. It is about a community’s history of isolation, their specific social customs, and their economic backwardness.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="9,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">The Constitution:</strong> The law defines Scheduled Tribes based on their unique way of life and social status, not their religious faith. Therefore, changing one&#8217;s religion does not change one&#8217;s tribal roots or socio-economic situation.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Why is this a big deal?</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="11">It is not just a debate; it is leading to real-world conflict:</p>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="12,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="12,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Violence:</strong> In states like Chhattisgarh, there have been reports of groups pressuring or forcing Christian Adivasis to renounce their faith. There have even been extreme cases where they have tried to dig up the graves of converted Adivasis because they claim Christians cannot be buried on &#8220;tribal land.&#8221;</li>
<li data-path-to-node="12,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="12,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Government Role:</strong> The reason this is making headlines is that top government ministers attended a meeting organized by the group pushing for this &#8220;delisting.&#8221; This makes it feel like the government is supporting this movement, even though the Supreme Court has previously told groups to stop these activities and respect the law.</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="13">Relevant Constitutional Provisions:</h3>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="7"><strong>Article 342 (Specification of Scheduled Tribes):</strong> * This article empowers the President of India to identify and list communities as &#8220;Scheduled Tribes&#8221; in a specific State or Union Territory.</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="8,0,1,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="8,0,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">The Rule:</strong> ST status is <strong data-path-to-node="8,0,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="23">not</strong> based on religion. It is based on anthropological and social criteria like:</p>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="8,0,1,0,1,0,0">Indications of primitive traits.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="8,0,1,0,1,1,0">Geographical isolation.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="8,0,1,0,1,2,0">Distinct culture and lifestyle.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="8,0,1,0,1,3,0">Shyness of contact with the wider community.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="8,0,1,0,1,4,0">General economic backwardness.</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="8,0,1,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="8,0,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Key Point:</strong> Once a community is notified as an ST, they are entitled to Constitutional protections, regardless of the religion they practice.</p>
<p data-path-to-node="8,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="8,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Article 25 (Freedom of Religion):</strong></p>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="8,1,1,0,0">This article guarantees every citizen the right to freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate their religion.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="8,1,1,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="8,1,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">The Conflict:</strong> Critics argue that &#8220;delisting&#8221; penalizes individuals for exercising their fundamental right to choose their faith.</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="8,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="8,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Article 46 (Directive Principles):</strong></p>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="8,2,1,0,0">This article mandates that the State must promote the educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes with &#8220;special care&#8221; and protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="8,3,0"><strong data-path-to-node="8,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Article 338A (National Commission for Scheduled Tribes):</strong></p>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="8,3,1,0,0">This body is established to monitor the implementation of safeguards for STs and investigate complaints regarding the violation of their rights.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Summary:</h3>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="14,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="14,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">The Group’s Goal:</strong> &#8220;If you convert to Christianity, you lose your tribal status and your reservation benefits.&#8221;</li>
<li data-path-to-node="14,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="14,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">The Core Conflict:</strong> Is being a &#8220;tribe&#8221; about your ancestry and social history, or is it about your religious practices?</li>
</ul>
<p data-path-to-node="14,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="14,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">The Reality:</strong> This is causing serious tension and fighting within tribal villages, and it is putting pressure on the Indian legal system to decide if someone’s religious freedom (the right to choose a faith) should cost them their identity and government protections.</p>
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		<title>National Family Health Survey-6 (NFHS-6) :</title>
		<link>https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/current-affair/national-family-health-survey-6-nfhs-6/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 30 May 2026 10:00:23 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/?post_type=current-affair&#038;p=11898</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has released the findings of the NFHS-6 (2023-24). The survey covered nearly 6.79 lakh households across 715 districts, providing a granular view of India&#8217;s demographic and health transition. Key Performance Indicators (Successes): The survey indicates a positive trajectory in critical health parameters, reflecting the impact of targeted national [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p data-path-to-node="3">The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has released the findings of the <b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="75">NFHS-6 (2023-24)</b>. The survey covered nearly <b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="119">6.79 lakh households</b> across <b data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="147">715 districts</b>, providing a granular view of India&#8217;s demographic and health transition.</p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="5"><b data-path-to-node="5" data-index-in-node="0">Key Performance Indicators (Successes):</b></h3>
<p data-path-to-node="6">The survey indicates a positive trajectory in critical health parameters, reflecting the impact of targeted national missions (e.g., <i data-path-to-node="6" data-index-in-node="133">Poshan Abhiyaan, Mission Indradhanush</i>).</p>
<ul data-path-to-node="7">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Maternal Health:</b> Sustained improvement in institutional deliveries and antenatal care (ANC) registration.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Child Nutrition:</b> * <b data-path-to-node="7,1,0" data-index-in-node="19">Stunting:</b> Declined significantly from 35.5% (NFHS-5) to <b data-path-to-node="7,1,0" data-index-in-node="75">29.3%</b>.</p>
<ul data-path-to-node="7,1,1">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,1,1,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,1,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Severe Wasting:</b> Decreased from 7.7% to <b data-path-to-node="7,1,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="39">5.2%</b>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Immunization Coverage:</b> Marked increase in full immunization coverage among children, bolstered by aggressive outreach and digital tracking (U-WIN platform).</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="9"><b data-path-to-node="9" data-index-in-node="0">Emerging Challenges (The &#8220;Double Burden&#8221;):</b></h3>
<p data-path-to-node="10">While India has made progress in addressing undernutrition, it is now confronting a &#8220;double burden of malnutrition&#8221; characterized by the rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs).</p>
<ul data-path-to-node="11">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="11,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="11,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Rising Obesity:</b> A significant shift toward unhealthy BMI levels in both urban and rural populations.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="11,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="11,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Lifestyle Diseases:</b> Increasing incidence of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions linked to sedentary lifestyles and dietary transitions (high-processed food intake).</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="13"><b data-path-to-node="13" data-index-in-node="0">Implications for Public Health Policy</b></h3>
<ol start="1" data-path-to-node="14">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="14,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="14,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Shift in Focus:</b> Public health strategy must evolve from focusing solely on &#8220;food security and caloric intake&#8221; to &#8220;nutritional quality and metabolic health.&#8221;</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="14,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="14,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Integrated NCD Management:</b> Strengthening primary healthcare centers (AB-HWCs) to provide early screening and management for lifestyle diseases.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="14,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="14,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Behavioral Change Communication (BCC):</b> The need for targeted campaigns to promote physical activity and balanced diets, moving beyond the &#8220;Malnutrition-free India&#8221; mandate.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="14,3,0"><b data-path-to-node="14,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">District-Level Intervention:</b> The wide coverage of NFHS-6 allows for <b data-path-to-node="14,3,0" data-index-in-node="68">hyper-local health planning</b>, focusing resources on the 715 districts based on their specific health profiles.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 data-path-to-node="16"><b data-path-to-node="16" data-index-in-node="0">Way Forward:</b></h3>
<ul data-path-to-node="17">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="17,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="17,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Data-Driven Governance:</b> Utilize the granular district-level data of NFHS-6 to design bottom-up health policies.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="17,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="17,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Whole-of-Government Approach:</b> Convergence between the Ministry of Women and Child Development (nutrition) and the Ministry of Health (NCD management).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="17,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="17,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Focus on Preventive Healthcare:</b> Investing in community awareness programs to mitigate the long-term economic burden of lifestyle diseases.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="19"><b data-path-to-node="19" data-index-in-node="0">Conclusion</b></h3>
<p data-path-to-node="20">The NFHS-6 data reveals an India in transition. While the decline in stunting and wasting proves the efficacy of India&#8217;s foundational health interventions, the rise in obesity signals an urgent need to reorient the health system toward addressing the metabolic and lifestyle-related risks of the 21st century.</p>
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		<title>Daily Gist of Article/The Hindu/ Mains Current Qns/30  May 2026/Raipur’s Rainwater Revolution</title>
		<link>https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/current-affair/daily-gist-of-article-the-hindu-mains-current-qns-30-may-2026-raipurs-rainwater-revolution/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[vdAdmin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 30 May 2026 06:45:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/?post_type=current-affair&#038;p=11889</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Why in News? Under the nationwide Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari (JSJB) initiative, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) has successfully institutionalized community-led rainwater harvesting. The city has completed the installation of 32,000 groundwater recharge structures in 2025, positioning itself as a leading model for urban water resilience in India. Major Urban Water Issues in India: Rapid Urbanization &#38; Concretization: [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3 data-path-to-node="2">Why in News?</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="3">Under the nationwide <strong data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="21">Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari (JSJB)</strong> initiative, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) has successfully institutionalized community-led rainwater harvesting. The city has completed the installation of <strong data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="202">32,000 groundwater recharge structures</strong> in 2025, positioning itself as a leading model for urban water resilience in India.</p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="5">Major Urban Water Issues in India:</h3>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="6,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="6,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Rapid Urbanization &amp; Concretization:</strong> Excessive use of impermeable surfaces (concrete/asphalt) prevents natural percolation, leading to high surface runoff.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="6,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="6,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Declining Groundwater Tables:</strong> Over-extraction for domestic and industrial use has outpaced natural recharge.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="6,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="6,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Urban Flooding:</strong> Inadequate drainage combined with the loss of natural sponges (wetlands/ponds) causes waterlogging during monsoon.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="6,3,0"><strong data-path-to-node="6,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Climate Variability:</strong> Increasingly erratic rainfall patterns necessitate better storage mechanisms to bridge dry spells.</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="8">Key Pillars of Raipur’s Model:</h3>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="9,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Public-Private-Community Collaboration:</strong> * Collaboration with <strong data-path-to-node="9,0,0" data-index-in-node="61">CREDAI</strong> to integrate harvesting systems in residential and commercial complexes.
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="9,0,1,0,0">Treating water conservation as a <strong data-path-to-node="9,0,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="33">&#8220;Civic Responsibility&#8221;</strong> rather than just a government task.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-path-to-node="9,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Technical Innovation &amp; Cost-Effectiveness:</strong>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="9,1,1,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,1,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Permeable Eco-Blocks:</strong> Used in footpaths and parking to allow natural infiltration.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="9,1,1,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,1,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Tractor-mounted Auger Drilling:</strong> Allows rapid, low-cost construction of recharge structures.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="9,1,1,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,1,1,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Scalable Efficiency:</strong> Individual wells recharge up to 3 lakh litres/annum, while injection wells in stressed zones recharge up to 15 lakh litres/annum.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-path-to-node="9,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Policy &amp; Institutional Reform:</strong>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="9,2,1,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,2,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Mandatory Planning:</strong> Town planning now requires 1% of land to be reserved for water harvesting/green spaces.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="9,2,1,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,2,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Maintenance Institutionalized:</strong> Mechanisms for regular desilting and upkeep are now part of municipal policy.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-path-to-node="9,3,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Holistic Water Resilience (&#8220;Sponge City&#8221; Approach):</strong>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="9,3,1,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,3,1,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Eco-Bloc Project:</strong> A ₹30 crore project on the Kharun River to manage storm runoff.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="9,3,1,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,3,1,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Circular Water Economy:</strong> Promoting treated wastewater reuse for industrial applications.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="9,3,1,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,3,1,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Blue Infrastructure:</strong> Interconnection of urban ponds and lakes to enhance storage capacity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-11890" src="https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/rain-water.jpg" alt="" width="394" height="593" srcset="https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/rain-water.jpg 394w, https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/rain-water-199x300.jpg 199w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px" /></p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="11">Way Forward:</h3>
<ol>
<li data-path-to-node="12,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="12,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Standardization:</strong> Use Raipur’s model to create a &#8220;National Handbook for Urban Recharge&#8221; for other Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="12,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="12,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Smart Monitoring:</strong> Integrate IoT-based sensors to monitor groundwater levels and the performance of recharge structures in real-time.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="12,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="12,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Incentivization:</strong> Implement tax rebates for commercial or residential properties that achieve verified &#8220;net-zero&#8221; water usage or high recharge rates.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="12,3,0"><strong data-path-to-node="12,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">Nature-Based Solutions (NbS):</strong> Shift focus from pure &#8220;Grey Infrastructure&#8221; (pipes/concrete) to &#8220;Blue-Green Infrastructure&#8221; (urban forests, wetlands, and bio-swales).</li>
</ol>
<h3 data-path-to-node="14">Conclusion:</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="15">Raipur’s transition from a city struggling with waterlogging and depletion to a model of groundwater recharge exemplifies the <strong data-path-to-node="15" data-index-in-node="126">&#8220;Jan Bhagidari&#8221; (People’s Participation)</strong> spirit. It demonstrates that urban water security is not merely an engineering challenge to be solved with heavy infrastructure, but a <strong data-path-to-node="15" data-index-in-node="302">participatory governance mission</strong>. By integrating low-cost technical innovation with policy mandates, Raipur provides a scalable template for achieving SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and building climate-resilient cities in India.</p>
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		<title>Nirbhay Raho&#8217; Initiative</title>
		<link>https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/current-affair/nirbhay-raho-initiative/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[vdAdmin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 10:24:14 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.vaidicslucknow.com/?post_type=current-affair&#038;p=11878</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Why in News? The Ministry of Panchayati Raj conducted a three-day ‘Training of Trainers’ (ToT) programme on “Freedom from Violence: Capacity Building of Elected Women Representatives on Legal Provisions for the Safety and Security of Women” in New Delhi. Key Points: Objective: To strengthen women’s safety, legal awareness, gender sensitivity, and institutional response mechanisms at [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h4 data-path-to-node="2">Why in News?</h4>
<p data-path-to-node="3">The Ministry of Panchayati Raj conducted a three-day ‘Training of Trainers’ (ToT) programme on “Freedom from Violence: Capacity Building of Elected Women Representatives on Legal Provisions for the Safety and Security of Women” in New Delhi.</p>
<h4 data-path-to-node="4">Key Points:</h4>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="5,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="5,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Objective:</strong> To strengthen women’s safety, legal awareness, gender sensitivity, and institutional response mechanisms at the grassroots level.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="5,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="5,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Collaboration:</strong> Implemented under the ‘Nirbhaya Fund’ in collaboration with the Ministry of Women and Child Development and the National Law School of India University (NLSIU), Bengaluru.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="5,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="5,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Scale:</strong> The initiative aims to reach approximately <strong data-path-to-node="5,2,0" data-index-in-node="50">32 lakh elected Panchayat representatives</strong> across India (14.5 lakh women and 17.5 lakh male representatives).</li>
</ul>
<h4 data-path-to-node="6">Three Major Interventions under &#8216;Nirbhay Raho&#8217;:</h4>
<ol>
<li data-path-to-node="7,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="7,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Nirbhay Netri:</strong> Focuses on the capacity building and legal awareness of Elected Women Representatives (EWRs).</li>
<li data-path-to-node="7,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="7,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Nirbhay Chetna:</strong> Aims to sensitize elected male representatives toward gender equality and women-related issues.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="7,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="7,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Nirbhay Drishti:</strong> Envisages the installation of CCTV cameras at strategic rural locations to enhance technology-enabled safety infrastructure in Panchayats.</li>
</ol>
<h4 data-path-to-node="8">Scope of the Programme:</h4>
<p data-path-to-node="9">The training covered critical areas, including:</p>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="10,0,0">Gender-based violence and domestic violence.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="10,1,0">Prevention of child marriage and ensuring cyber safety.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="10,2,0">Strengthening survivor support systems and institutional remedies.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="10,3,0">Victim compensation and the role of &#8216;First Responders&#8217; at the Panchayat level.</li>
</ul>
<h4 data-path-to-node="11">Significance:</h4>
<ul>
<li data-path-to-node="12,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="12,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Grassroots Impact:</strong> Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) are pivotal in fostering inclusion and ensuring access to justice at the local level.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="12,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="12,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Social Transformation:</strong> By promoting legal literacy and gender sensitivity, Panchayat representatives can act as effective agents for social change.</li>
<li data-path-to-node="12,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="12,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Cascading Model:</strong> The initiative utilizes a &#8216;cascading model&#8217; of training to scale up efforts across all States and Union Territories.</li>
</ul>
<h4 data-path-to-node="13">Conclusion:</h4>
<p data-path-to-node="14">The &#8216;Nirbhay Raho&#8217; initiative is a vital step toward creating more inclusive, responsive, and women-friendly Panchayats. It empowers rural communities to take ownership of women&#8217;s safety, dignity, and gender-responsive governance.</p>
<h1 data-path-to-node="0"><b data-path-to-node="0" data-index-in-node="0">&#8216;निर्भय रहो&#8217; पहल (Nirbhay Raho Initiative):</b></h1>
<h4 data-path-to-node="2"><b data-path-to-node="2" data-index-in-node="0">संदर्भ (Why in News):</b></h4>
<p data-path-to-node="3">पंचायती राज मंत्रालय ने &#8216;निर्भय रहो&#8217; पहल के तहत &#8220;हिंसा से मुक्ति: महिलाओं की सुरक्षा और संरक्षा के लिए कानूनी प्रावधानों पर निर्वाचित महिला प्रतिनिधियों की क्षमता निर्माण&#8221; विषय पर तीन दिवसीय &#8216;प्रशिक्षण का प्रशिक्षण&#8217; (Training of Trainers &#8211; ToT) कार्यक्रम आयोजित किया।</p>
<h4 data-path-to-node="4"><b data-path-to-node="4" data-index-in-node="0">प्रमुख बिंदु:</b></h4>
<ul data-path-to-node="5">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="5,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">उद्देश्य:</b> ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में महिलाओं की सुरक्षा, कानूनी जागरूकता, लैंगिक संवेदनशीलता और संस्थागत प्रतिक्रिया तंत्र को मजबूत करना।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="5,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">साझेदारी:</b> यह पहल &#8216;निर्भया फंड&#8217; (Nirbhaya Fund) के तहत महिला एवं बाल विकास मंत्रालय और नेशनल लॉ स्कूल ऑफ इंडिया यूनिवर्सिटी (NLSIU), बेंगलुरु के सहयोग से कार्यान्वित की जा रही है।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="5,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">व्यापक लक्ष्य:</b> इस पहल का लक्ष्य पूरे भारत में लगभग 32 लाख निर्वाचित पंचायत प्रतिनिधियों तक पहुँचना है (14.5 लाख महिला और 17.5 लाख पुरुष प्रतिनिधि)।</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 data-path-to-node="6"><b data-path-to-node="6" data-index-in-node="0">&#8216;निर्भय रहो&#8217; पहल के तीन प्रमुख स्तंभ (Interventions):</b></h4>
<ol start="1" data-path-to-node="7">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">निर्भय नेत्री (Nirbhay Netri):</b> निर्वाचित महिला प्रतिनिधियों (EWRs) की क्षमता निर्माण और कानूनी जागरूकता पर केंद्रित।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">निर्भय चेतना (Nirbhay Chetna):</b> लैंगिक समानता और महिलाओं से संबंधित मुद्दों के प्रति पुरुष प्रतिनिधियों को संवेदनशील बनाना।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="7,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">निर्भय दृष्टि (Nirbhay Drishti):</b> पंचायतों में सुरक्षा बुनियादी ढांचे को मजबूत करने के लिए रणनीतिक ग्रामीण स्थानों पर CCTV कैमरे लगाना।</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 data-path-to-node="8"><b data-path-to-node="8" data-index-in-node="0">कार्यक्रम का कार्यक्षेत्र (Scope):</b></h4>
<p data-path-to-node="9">प्रशिक्षण में निम्नलिखित महत्वपूर्ण विषयों को शामिल किया गया:</p>
<ul data-path-to-node="10">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,0,0">लैंगिक आधारित हिंसा और घरेलू हिंसा।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,1,0">बाल विवाह का निषेध।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,2,0">साइबर सुरक्षा और पीड़ित सहायता प्रणाली।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="10,3,0">कानूनी उपचार, पीड़ित मुआवजा और प्रथम उत्तरदाता (First Responder) तंत्र।</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 data-path-to-node="11"><b data-path-to-node="11" data-index-in-node="0">महत्व:</b></h4>
<ul data-path-to-node="12">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="12,0,0"><b data-path-to-node="12,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">तृणमूल स्तर पर पहुँच:</b> पंचायती राज संस्थाएं (PRIs) ग्रामीण स्तर पर जागरूकता, समावेशन और न्याय तक पहुँच सुनिश्चित करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती हैं।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="12,1,0"><b data-path-to-node="12,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">सामाजिक परिवर्तन:</b> पंचायत प्रतिनिधि स्थानीय समर्थन प्रणाली को मजबूत करके और संस्थागत उपचारों तक पहुँच को सुविधाजनक बनाकर सामाजिक परिवर्तन के प्रभावी एजेंट बन सकते हैं।</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="12,2,0"><b data-path-to-node="12,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">कैस्केडिंग मॉडल (Cascading Model):</b> यह कार्यक्रम राज्यों और केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों में प्रशिक्षण के एक सोपानबद्ध मॉडल के माध्यम से पहल को आगे बढ़ाने पर केंद्रित है।</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 data-path-to-node="13"><b data-path-to-node="13" data-index-in-node="0">निष्कर्ष:</b></h4>
<p data-path-to-node="14">&#8216;निर्भय रहो&#8217; पहल ग्रामीण भारत में अधिक समावेशी, उत्तरदायी और महिला-अनुकूल पंचायतें बनाने की दिशा में एक महत्वपूर्ण कदम है। यह महिलाओं की सुरक्षा और गरिमा के लिए सामुदायिक नेतृत्व वाले प्रयासों को सशक्त बनाती है।</p>
<p data-path-to-node="16"><i data-path-to-node="16" data-index-in-node="0">क्या आप यह समझना चाहेंगे कि भारत में महिलाओं की सुरक्षा के लिए &#8216;निर्भया फंड&#8217; का उपयोग कैसे किया जाता है और इसके कार्यान्वयन में किन मंत्रालयों की भूमिका होती है?</i></p>
<p data-path-to-node="16">
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