Recently, Indian teacher Rouble Nagi received the Global Teacher Prize 2026 during the World Government Summit.

About Global Teacher Prize:

• It is an annual awardpresented to an exceptional teacher who has made a significant impact on their students and community.
• It was established in 2014.
• The prize aims to highlight the importance of educatorsand recognize the outstanding contributions they make to society.

Eligibility and Criteria:

• It is open to teachers from all countries,working in various educational settings including public, private, and alternative schools.
• Candidates are evaluated based on their innovative teaching practices, achievements in the classroom, and efforts to improve the quality of education in their community.
• The selection process also considers the teacher’s impact on their students’learning and their ability to overcome challenging environments.

• Nomination:Teachers can be nominated by others or can apply themselves.
• Award:The award comes with a cash prize of $1 million, making it one of the most prestigious recognitions in the field of education.
• It is presented by GEMS Education and organised by the Varkey Foundationin collaboration with UNESCO.

• The World Governments Summit 2026 will be held from 3 to 5 February in Dubai under the theme “Shaping Future Governments”.

Key Points:

• Dubai will host the World Governments Summit 2026, marking the largest edition since its inception.
• The theme for 2026 is “Shaping Future Governments,” focusing on governance innovation and global collaboration.
• The summit will host over 6,000 participants, including more than 35 heads of state and government.
• Delegations from over 150 governments and more than 500 ministers are expected to attend.

Additional Information:

• World Governments Summit:

• • Established in 2013 as a global platform for governance dialogue.
  • Brings together world leaders, policymakers, experts, and international institutions.

• Dubai:

• • A global hub for diplomacy, innovation, and international summits.
  • Regular host of the World Governments Summit.

• Theme: Shaping Future Governments:

• • Focuses on future-ready governance models.
  • Emphasizes innovation, technology, and international cooperation.

About Supriya Sahu (IAS):

• Supriya Sahu is a 1991‑batch IAS officer of the Tamil Nadu cadre and currently serves as Additional Chief Secretary, Department of Environment, Climate Change & Forests, Tamil Nadu

Why she received the UN’s highest environmental honour?

She was awarded the UNEP “Champions of the Earth 2025” in the Inspiration and Action category for:

• Pioneering climate leadership in Tamil Nadu
• Large-scale afforestation and wetland restoration
• Sustainable cooling initiatives that strengthened heat adaptation
• Plastic waste management and wildlife conservation
• Creating 2.5 million green jobs through climate programmes
• Strengthening climate resilience for 12 million people in heat‑vulnerable regions

About the “Champions of the Earth” Award (UNEP):

The Champions of the Earth is:

• The United Nations’ highest environmental honour
• Awarded annually by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP)
• Awarded every year since 2005.
• Recognises individuals, groups, and organisations whose actions have a transformative impact on the environment

Award Categories:

UNEP typically honours winners in categories such as:

• Inspiration and Action
• Policy Leadership
• Entrepreneurial Vision
• Science and Innovation

Announces 26% Increase in Rates for Advertisements in Print Media and Introduces Premiums for Colour Ads

The government has decided to revise the rates of advertisement by 26%.  The media rates for print media per sq.cm. for one lakh copies of dailies in the black and white advertisement have been enhanced from Rs. 47.40 to Rs. 59.68, an increase of 26%. The Government has also agreed to the recommendations of the Committee relating to premium rates to be offered for colour advertisements, preferential positioning.

Central Bureau of Communication (CBC) is a nodal Media Unit under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting for undertaking publicity campaigns on behalf of various Ministries/Departments of the Government of India in various media vehicles, including Print media, empanelled with CBC for this purpose. The rates for release of advertisements in Print media by CBC were last revised by the Ministry on the basis of the recommendations of the 8th Rate Structure Committee (RSC) on 09.01.2019, which were valid for a period of three years.

Committee Evaluates Print Media Costs

• The 9th Rate Structure Committee under the chairmanship of AS&FA (I&B) was constituted on 11th November, 2021 for making recommendations regarding revision in rates for Government advertisements in print media.
• The Committee during its proceedings between November, 2021 and August, 2023 considered the representations from various newspaper associations of small, medium and big category newspapers viz. Indian Newspaper Society (INS), All India Small Newspapers Association (AISNA), Small-Medium-Big Newspapers Society (SMBNS) and other stakeholders. The Committee also deliberated on the various parameters having an impact on the rates of advertisements in print media, such as WPI inflation in respect of Newsprint, wage, rate of inflation, trend of imported newsprint prices, processing cost, etc.  The Committee submitted its recommendations on 23 September, 2023.

About Central Bureau of Communication (CBC) :

The Central Bureau of Communication (CBC) is the Government of India’s official advertising and outreach agency, functioning under the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting (MIB). It is responsible for communicating government policies, schemes, and programs to the public through various media.

History & Formation:

• Formed in 2017 by merging:

  • Directorate of Advertising & Visual Publicity (DAVP)

  • Directorate of Field Publicity (DFP)

  • Song & Drama Division (S&DD)

• From 2017 to 2022, it operated as the Bureau of Outreach & Communication (BOC).

• Later renamed CBC for organizational clarity and uniformity.

The Nobel Peace Prize 2025 was awarded to Maria Corina Machado for her tireless efforts in promoting democratic rights in Venezuela and striving for a peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy.

• The Norwegian Nobel Committee, responsible for selecting laureates, received a total of 338 nominations, including 94 organisations, reflecting global recognition of peace efforts. The committee considers candidates whose work aligns with Alfred Nobel’s stipulation of promoting fraternity between nations, reducing standing armies, or supporting peace congresses.

 About María Corina Machado – Overview

Born: October 7, 1967
Place of Birth: Caracas, Venezuela
Profession: Industrial Engineer, Politician, Activist
Current Role: Leading Venezuelan opposition figure

Background & Education:

• María Corina Machado studied industrial engineering at one of Venezuela’s top universities and later specialized in finance. She began her public life not in politics, but through social work, helping children in poor communities.
• In the early 2000s, she co-founded Súmate, an NGO dedicated to promoting electoral transparency and democratic engagement. This quickly brought her into the political spotlight.

Political Rise:

• Machado was elected to the Venezuelan National Assembly in 2010 with one of the highest vote totals among opposition candidates. She became known for her fierce criticism of President Hugo Chávez and later Nicolás Maduro.
• In 2014, she was controversially expelled from parliament for political reasons — a move widely condemned internationally.

Ideology & Positions:

• Strong advocate for democracy, human rights, and the rule of law
• Supports free-market economics and privatization of state enterprises
• Firmly opposes the authoritarian rule of Nicolás Maduro
• Known for her direct, uncompromising style, which has earned both admiration and criticism

Repression and Challenges:

Machado has faced political persecution, including:

• Bans from holding public office
• Accusations of treason and inciting unrest
• Surveillance, threats, and public smears
  Despite this, she remained active, gaining grassroots support across Venezuela.

2024 Opposition Primary:

• In 2024, she ran in the Venezuelan opposition’s primary and won by a landslide, showing strong nationwide support. However, the government disqualified her from running in the actual presidential election, drawing international criticism.

Scientists John Clarke, Michel Devoret and John Martinis won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics for “the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit“.

“This year’s Nobel Prize in Physics has provided opportunities for developing the next generation of quantum technology, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors.

All three winners are based in the United States.

• The Nobel physics prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and includes a prize sum totalling 11 million Swedish crowns ($1.2 million) that is shared among the winners if there are several, as is often the case.
• The Nobel Prizes were established through the will of Alfred Nobel, who amassed a fortune from his invention of dynamite. Since 1901, with occasional interruptions, the prizes have annually recognized achievements in science, literature, and peace. Economics was a later addition.
• Physics was the first category mentioned in Nobel’s will, likely reflecting the prominence of the field during his time. Today, the Nobel Prize in Physics remains widely regarded as the most prestigious award in the discipline.
• Past winners of the Nobel physics prize include some of the most influential figures in the history of science, such as Albert Einstein, Pierre and Marie Curie, Max Planck and Niels Bohr, a pioneer of quantum theory.
• Last year’s prize was won by US scientist John Hopfield and British-Canadian Geoffrey Hinton for breakthroughs in machine learning that spurred the artificial intelligence boom, a development about which both have also expressed concerns.
• In keeping with tradition, physics is the second Nobel to be awarded this week, after two American and one Japanese scientist won the medicine prize for breakthroughs in understanding the immune system. The chemistry prize is due next, on Wednesday.

The science, literature and economics prizes are presented to the laureates by the Swedish king at a ceremony in Stockholm on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death, followed by a lavish banquet at city hall.

About The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences:

• It is a Swedish-based, independent scientific organization founded in 1739 to promote the sciences, particularly the natural sciences and mathematics, and to strengthen their influence in society.
• It is one of the world’s oldest scientific academies and is responsible for awarding the Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.

• The Academy’s work includes scientific exchange, public outreach, advising the government, and managing research institutes.

Overview: The eminent Hindustani classical vocalist Pandit Chhannulal Mishra, a masterful exponent of the thumri and devotional songs of Lord Ram, departed from this world in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, on October 2, 2025, at the age of 89.

Importance: Pandit death invoked a spiritual realm that was inviting and reminiscent of the purpose in his storytelling about Lord Ram, Pandit Mishra’s absence is deep and expansive, for audiences of the world.

Other Notable Hindustani Classical Vocalists Making Headlines (2024-2025)
Pandit Prabhakar Karekar: Senior Hindustani vocalist; passed away at 80 on April 26, 2025, at his home in Mumbai after a brief illness – a loss for the Hindustani forms, and messages of condolences from around the world arrived.

Pandit Venkatesh Kumar: Padma Shri award; headlined discussions in September 2025 for participation in a jugalbandi with visual artists at the Arghya 2025 festival in Mumbai – known for his unique voice and its roots in the parampara, and for working with diverse artists from many forms.

Engineers Day 2025 is being celebrated  on 15th Sep 2025.

Engineers Day is a special occasion that celebrates the hard work, creativity, and dedication of engineers who shape the world around us. From the bridges we cross and the buildings we live in, to the technology we use every day, engineers play a vital role in making life easier and advancing society.

Every year, this day is observed in India with great respect and enthusiasm to highlight the importance of engineering in nation-building. It also serves as an inspiration for young minds to pursue engineering as a career and honours the legacy of one of India’s greatest engineers, Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya.

Engineers Day 2025 Date:

Engineers Day in India is celebrated every year on 15 September.

• In 2025, it will be observed on Monday, 15 September 2025.
• The date remains the same annually and is marked by events and celebrations across schools, colleges, universities, and engineering institutions throughout the country.

Engineers Day 2025 Theme:

Each year, Engineers Day is celebrated with a specific theme that reflects the evolving needs and advancements of the modern world.

• Theme for 2025: “Deep Tech & Engineering Excellence: Driving India’s Techade.”

This theme emphasizes how cutting-edge technologies such as:

• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Robotics
• Quantum Computing
• Sustainable Innovations

are driving India toward becoming a global technology leader. It also encourages engineers to focus on excellence, problem-solving, and innovation to overcome challenges and build a better future.

Whose Birth Anniversary is Celebrated on 15 September?

Engineers Day in India is celebrated to mark the birth anniversary of Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (M. Visvesvaraya), one of India’s most renowned engineers and visionaries.

• Born: 15 September 1861, Muddenahalli, Karnataka

Major Contributions:

• Designed innovative irrigation systems and flood management techniques
• Developed significant infrastructure projects in India

Served as Dewan of Mysore (1912–1918), modernizing the state through:

• Industries
• Educational institutions
• Public works

His brilliance and service to the nation earned him the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, in 1955.

The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) India Rankings 2025 were released recently, bringing attention to the performance of higher educational institutions across the country.

• For the second year in a row, IIT Madras has achieved the highest overall ranking.
• IIT Madras also maintained its position as India’s best engineering college for the 10th consecutive year, showcasing its consistent excellence in engineering education and research.
• The rankings were announced by Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan during a ceremony where he also presented the India Rankings 2025 awards.

Key Highlights of the 2025 Rankings:

Top Performer:

• IIT Madras ranked No. 1 Overall and No. 1 in Engineering category.
• It has been at the forefront in areas like research output, innovation, and academic resources.

• Minister’s Criticism of Methodology:

• Union Minister Dharmendra Pradhan expressed his concerns about the ‘Peer Perception’ factor, which accounts for 10% of the overall ranking score.
• He highlighted that government-funded and state-run institutions might be unfairly disadvantaged under this metric.
• Recommended revising the methodology to ensure greater balance and inclusivity.

Regional Bias Allegations:

• After the 2024 NIRF rankings were announced, public universities and institutions expressed concern about possible regional bias.

• Metropolitan and big-city institutions tend to score higher on peer perception.
• Suburban and rural-based higher education institutions lag behind despite good teaching quality and infrastructure.

• This has led to unequal representation and recognition of institutions outside metro areas.

Parameters Considered by NIRF (Overall Category):
The ranking framework is based on five broad categories, each with a specific weightage:

• Teaching, Learning, and Resources (TLR) – Quality of faculty, infrastructure, and learning resources.
• Research and Professional Practice (RP) – Includes research achievements, patent filings, scholarly publications, and consultancy initiatives.
• Graduation Outcomes (GO) – Placement rates, higher education admissions, and entrepreneurship.
• Outreach and Inclusivity (OI) – Promoting engagement of women, underrepresented social and economic groups, and individuals from various regions.
• Peer Perception (PP) – Opinions of experts, academics, and employers about the institution’s reputation (10% weightage).

Why Peer Perception is Controversial

• Subjective nature:
  • Unlike other measurable parameters, peer perception relies heavily on opinions of external stakeholders, which can be subjective and biased.
• Advantage to elite institutions:
  • Top metro-based institutions with better visibility and alumni networks naturally score higher, creating a visibility gap.
• Challenges for smaller institutions:
  • Government-funded, regional, or new institutions struggle to get recognition, even if they perform well on other measurable parameters like teaching and research.

Significance of NIRF Rankings

• Policy tool: Helps the government identify institutions excelling in specific areas and direct funding/support accordingly.
• Student guidance: Provides students with reliable data to make informed decisions about college admissions.
• Global competitiveness: Positions India’s educational institutions on the global academic map by promoting transparency and competition.
• Encourages accountability: Institutions are motivated to improve teaching quality, research, and inclusivity.

Way Forward

1. Reform Peer Perception Metric:
   • Make it data-driven rather than purely opinion-based.
   • Consider regional weighting to prevent metropolitan dominance.
2. Support State-Run Institutions:
   • Provide additional grants and mentorship programs to enhance visibility and quality.
3. Transparent Methodology:
   • Increase transparency by publishing detailed scoring sheets for all parameters.
4. Holistic Development:
   • Encourage institutions to focus on research, innovation, and social impact, not just placements and infrastructure.

Conclusion

The NIRF India Rankings 2025 reaffirm IIT Madras’s position as a leader in higher education, but they also highlight structural challenges in the ranking system, particularly the peer perception bias.
Reforms in the methodology are essential to ensure a level playing field for all institutions, especially those in non-metropolitan and government-funded sectors.

Educate Girls, an Indian non-profit organisation working for girls’ education in rural and remote areas, has been named as one of the three winners of the Ramon Magsaysay Award 2025.

Key Points: Educate Girl 

About Educate Girls:

• Founded by Safeena Husain.
• Works in rural India to bring out-of-school and unprivileged girls into classrooms.
• Started in Rajasthan, now active in multiple states.
• Focus: girls’ enrolment, retention, and learning outcomes.
• Uses community volunteers (Team Balika & preraks).

Recognition:

• First Indian non-profit organisation ever to win the Ramon Magsaysay Award.
• Acknowledged for addressing gender injustice in education and creating a ripple effect in society.
• CEO Gayatri Nair Lobo called it a historic and humbling moment.

Other 2025 Winners:

• Shaahina Ali (Maldives) – environmental activist.
• Fr. Flaviano Antonio L. Villanueva (Philippines) – for human rights activism and opposing abuses during Duterte’s drug war.

About the Ramon Magsaysay Award

• Established: 1958 by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund in memory of former Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay (1917–1957).
• Objective: To honor “greatness of spirit and transformative leadership in Asia.”
• Nickname: Known as the “Nobel Prize of Asia”.
• Categories (earlier): Government service, public service, community leadership, journalism/literature/creative arts, peace & international understanding, and emergent leadership (later merged into broader categories).
• First recipients (1958):

• Vinoba Bhave (India) – for the Bhoodan movement (land gift movement).
• Along with five others from Sri Lanka, China, Philippines, Japan.

• First Indian recipient: Vinoba Bhave (1958).
• Other famous Indian awardees:

• Jayaprakash Narayan (1965) – social reform & leadership.
• M.S. Subbulakshmi (1974) – Carnatic vocalist.
• Mother Teresa (1962) – for public service.
• Kiran Bedi (1994) – police reforms.
• Aruna Roy (2000) – RTI and grassroots activism.
• P. Sainath (2007) – rural journalism.
• Anshu Gupta (2015) – founder of Goonj NGO.
• Ravish Kumar (2019) – journalist.

• 6 medals at Paris Olympics 2024
• 107 medals at Asian Games 2023

Relevance : UPSC Pre &  Mains

Prelims : Khelo Bharat Niti 2025

Mains :   GS 1 & 2

Background :

While schemes like Khelo India have built grassroots infrastructure, challenges like:

• Poor sports governance
• Age fraud & doping
• Low private sector investment
  still persist.
  KBN 2025 seeks to address these by modernizing the sports ecosystem and using sports as a nation-building tool.

Key Objectives of KBN 2025

Promoting Sports as a Mass Movement

• Encourage broad participation across demographics.
• Strengthen Khelo India (extended till 2025–26).

Fostering Excellence in Global Competitions

• Provide financial and training support for Olympics, Asian Games, Paralympics.

Tapping Economic Potential of Sports

• Promote sports tourism, manufacturing, & hosting international events to create jobs and attract investments.

Strengthening Governance and Ethics

• Backed by National Sports Governance Bill 2024 to reform NSFs, IOA, and NOC.
• Push for transparency, athlete welfare, and accountability.

Combating Age Fraud and Doping

• Introduce National Code Against Age Fraud in Sports (NCAAFS) 2025.
• Strengthen anti-doping measures per global standards.

Inclusivity and Accessibility

• Promote sports for marginalized groups, women, and persons with disabilities.
• Expand rural and Tier-2/3 city infrastructure.

Key Provisions and Initiatives:

• Financial Support: Enhanced grants to NSFs; elite athletes to receive tailored aid.
• Infrastructure Development: Continue Khelo India; promote PPP models for stadiums and training centers.
• Talent Identification: SAI to expand scouting at grassroots and provide long-term support.
• Hosting Global Events: Roadmap for bidding major international events, including 2036 Olympics.
• Technology in Sports: Focus on data analytics, sports science, and digital platforms.

Potential Impact:

• Make sports integral to lifestyle and national identity.
• Stimulate job creation and economic growth through sports-linked industries.
• Boost India’s international sports profile and Olympic performance.
• Ensure social empowerment through inclusivity.

Challenges:

• Success depends on implementation, coordination among stakeholders, and enforcement of governance reforms.
• Past failures were due to poor monitoring and mismanagement in sports bodies.

Conclusion:

KBN 2025 is a bold, forward-looking policy that aims to place sports at the heart of India’s development journey. It has the potential to:

• Professionalize Indian sports
• Empower youth
• Build national pride
  If effectively implemented, it can turn India’s sporting aspirations into global achievements.

खेलो भारत नीति 2025 (KBN 2025):

क्यों चर्चा में है? (Why in News?) भारत सरकार ने Khelo Bharat Niti 2025 (KBN 2025) की घोषणा की है, जो भारत को वैश्विक खेल महाशक्ति बनाने की दिशा में एक व्यापक नीति है। यह नीति ‘विकसित भारत 2047’ विज़न के अनुरूप है।

हाल की उपलब्धियाँ:

• पेरिस ओलंपिक 2024 में 6 पदक
• एशियन गेम्स 2023 में 107 पदक

प्रासंगिकता (Relevance):

• Prelims: Khelo Bharat Niti 2025
• Mains: GS पेपर 1 (समाज), GS पेपर 2 (नीतियां और शासन)

पृष्ठभूमि (Background):

‘खेलो इंडिया’ जैसे कार्यक्रमों ने बुनियादी ढांचे को मजबूत किया है, लेकिन कई चुनौतियाँ बनी हुई हैं:

• कमजोर खेल प्रशासन
• उम्र धोखाधड़ी और डोपिंग
• निजी निवेश की कमी

KBN 2025 इन चुनौतियों से निपटते हुए खेल को राष्ट्र निर्माण के उपकरण के रूप में स्थापित करना चाहता है।

KBN 2025 के प्रमुख उद्देश्य (Key Objectives):

खेल को जन आंदोलन बनाना:

• सभी आयु वर्गों और वर्गों में भागीदारी बढ़ाना।
• ‘खेलो इंडिया’ योजना को 2025-26 तक बढ़ाया गया।

वैश्विक प्रतिस्पर्धाओं में उत्कृष्टता:

• ओलंपिक, पैरालंपिक, एशियाई खेलों के लिए खिलाड़ियों को वित्तीय व प्रशिक्षण सहायता।

खेलों का आर्थिक उपयोग:

• खेल पर्यटन, मैन्युफैक्चरिंग और अंतरराष्ट्रीय आयोजन के ज़रिए रोजगार और निवेश को बढ़ावा।

शासन और नैतिकता को मजबूत करना:

• राष्ट्रीय खेल शासन विधेयक 2024 के तहत राष्ट्रीय खेल महासंघों (NSFs), IOA, NOC का सुधार।
• पारदर्शिता और खिलाड़ियों की भलाई को प्राथमिकता।

उम्र धोखाधड़ी और डोपिंग पर नियंत्रण:

• राष्ट्रीय आयु धोखाधड़ी विरोधी संहिता 2025 (NCAAFS) लागू की जाएगी।
• अंतरराष्ट्रीय मानकों के अनुसार डोपिंग नियंत्रण मजबूत होगा।

समावेशिता और पहुँच:

• महिलाओं, दिव्यांगों और वंचित वर्गों के लिए खेल को सुलभ बनाना।
• ग्रामीण और छोटे शहरों में खेल ढांचे का विस्तार।

प्रमुख प्रावधान व पहलें (Key Provisions & Initiatives):

• वित्तीय सहायता: NSFs को बढ़ी हुई ग्रांट; शीर्ष खिलाड़ियों को विशेष सहायता।
• बुनियादी ढांचे का विकास: PPP मॉडल से अत्याधुनिक स्टेडियम और प्रशिक्षण केंद्र।
• प्रतिभा खोज और पोषण: SAI द्वारा प्रारंभिक स्तर पर प्रतिभाओं की पहचान और दीर्घकालिक प्रशिक्षण।
• अंतरराष्ट्रीय आयोजनों की मेज़बानी: 2036 ओलंपिक सहित बड़े आयोजनों के लिए भारत की दावेदारी।
• खेलों में तकनीक: डेटा एनालिटिक्स, खेल विज्ञान, डिजिटल प्लेटफॉर्म का उपयोग।

संभावित प्रभाव (Potential Impact):

• खेल को जीवनशैली और राष्ट्रीय पहचान का हिस्सा बनाना।
• खेल आधारित उद्योगों से रोजगार और आर्थिक विकास को गति।
• भारत की वैश्विक खेल छवि को सशक्त करना।
• महिलाओं और वंचितों के सशक्तिकरण का साधन बनना।

चुनौतियाँ (Challenges):

• सफलता कार्यान्वयन, समन्वय, और सख्त निगरानी पर निर्भर।
• अतीत की नीतियाँ कमज़ोर निगरानी और कुप्रबंधन के कारण असफल रहीं।

निष्कर्ष (Conclusion):

KBN 2025 एक दूरदर्शी और साहसिक नीति है जो खेल को भारत के विकास एजेंडा का आधार बनाना चाहती है।
यह नीति:

• भारतीय खेल को पेशेवर बना सकती है
• युवाओं को सशक्त बना सकती है
• राष्ट्रीय गौरव को बढ़ा सकती है